Small fixtures in number not to exceed twice the number of water-closets may discharge into the lines above specified without increasing their size.

When the small fixtures exceed in number this ratio, four other fixtures shall be considered equal to one water-closet.

Each vertical soil line into which the waterclosets on two (2) or more floors discharge shall be extended full size through and above the roof or be connected full size in an approved manner into a line thus extended.

SLOPE.

SEC. 81. Every soil and waste pipe shall have a slope or incline of at least one (1) in fortyeight (48), and vent pipes where not vertical, shall have a continuous slope.

No such line shall be run with unnecessary bends or offsets, and, where changes of direction are unavoidable, they shall be made with bends of not more than forty-five (45) degrees, if practicable.

No air inlet line shall be laid without the best obtainable slope, and in a manner to avoid unnecessary length and bends.

REDUCTIONS.

SEC. 82. When any soil, drain or vent pipe is increased or reduced, a proper fitting shall be used. Tail-end pieces shall not be used for that

purpose.

EXPOSURE.

SEC. 83. Soil, drain, vent and waste pipes and traps must, if practicable, be exposed to view for ready inspection at all times and for convenience in repairing.

INDIRECT CONNECTIONS.

SEC. 84. No plumbing fixture, except a bar sink or a soda fountain sink, shall be set up with an indirect connection to a house sewer. The waste from every such bar sink, or soda fountain sink, if not directly connected, may or may not be trapped, but shall discharge over a properly vented trap, located as near as practicable to the fixture.

RELIEVING ARCH.

SEC. 85. When a soil pipe or a house sewer passes under any masonry wall there shall be provided a relieving arch to prevent injury from settling of the wall, or there shall be built into the wall during its construction an iron pipe not less than two (2) inches in diameter greater than the pipe proposed to be run.

LOCATION AND PROTECTION OF PIPES.

SEC. 86. All soil, drain, waste, vent, and supply pipes shall be concentrated and run as directly as possible, shall be protected from exposure to frost, and, wherever practicable, so located as to be accessible for inspection. No such pipe shall be built into any masonry wall.

FITTINGS.

SEC. 87. Approved fittings shall be used for all connections in drain, soil, and waste, vent and supply lines of iron or brass, and no iron drain, soil, waste, or vent line shall be tapped.

SUBSOIL DRAINS.

SEC. 88. Subsoil drains may be provided wherever ground water occurs in the site of a proposed building, or a constant flow, causing dampness in existing walls or foundations. Such subsoil drains may be of drain tile or other approved construction and shall, if practicable, discharge over the surface of an open area. If such a connection is impracticable, the discharge into the drain shall be through a water-sealed trap or backwater valve so located in a manhole as to be accessible for inspection and maintenance.

The restrictions imposed above shall also apply to the drainage of every cold air duct.

TRAPPING AND VENTING.

SEC. 89. Every.plumbing fixture must be separately trapped by a water sealed trap placed as close to the fixture outlet as possible and, if located within the building, vented, excepting that in the case of the upper or only watercloset on a soil pipe, extended full size through the roof, said closet having its center within two (2) feet of the center of the stack, a vent will not be required.

A single trap shall be allowed for the use of a two or three-part wash-tray or wash-basin.

Where three (3) or more water-closets discharge immediately into a horizontal branch and thence into a vertical soil line carried through the roof as a vent, the Inspector of Plumbing may, with the approval of his immediate superior, authorize the omission of the separate trap vents and the substitution therefor of an extension of the branch line not less than three (3) inches in diameter, to be reconnected to the main vent or carried through the roof independently, as he may determine.

If

A floor trap for a shower shall be vented unless located in a cellar or ground floor, the paving of which renders the trap inaccessible. the number of these fixtures on a branch is three (3) or more, the extension of the waste line as a vent may, under proper restrictions, be allowed by the Inspector of Plumbing, instead of backventing the separate traps.

VENTS FROM CROWN.

Each

SEC. 90. Every vent shall be taken from the crown of the fixture trap, except for watercloset traps and earthen slop sink traps. such trap unless exempted by the application of section 89, must be vented from the branch line just below the trap with a vent so connected as to prevent obstruction and above all small waste inlets. No horizontal vent line longer than two (2) feet shall be allowed beneath a floor adjacent to the trap.

TRAPS.

SEC. 91. Each trap shall be placed as near its fixture as possible, except that the bath-tub trap may be removed to a distance not to exceed eighteen (18) inches from the fixture outlet for the purpose of securing a directly rising vent. No trap with a handhole cover shall be used.

No lead trap less than one-and-one-half (11⁄2) inches shall be used.

Every trap must have a water seal of at least one-and-one-quarter (1) inches.

The weight of a one-and-one-half (11⁄2) inch lead trap shall not be less than three (3) pounds per running foot, and larger sizes shall not be of less thickness.

HEIGHT OF VENT.

SEC. 92. Each vent pipe shall be run separately above its fixture, in order to prevent its

use as a waste.

VENT CONNECTIONS TO SOIL LINE.

SEC. 93. Each vent pipe shall be connected above the highest fixture into the adjacent soil pipe, if distant therefrom not more than six (6) feet. If more than this distance from the soil pipe, it may be independently extended above the roof.

A vent line shall be, whenever practicable, a direct extension of a soil or waste line.

No vent line shall be carried through the roof with a less size than two (2) inches.

Main vent risers having a length of fifteen (15) feet or more must be connected at the foot into a main waste or soil line below the lowest vent outlet and with no greater angle of connection or of run than forty-five (45) degrees.

SEC. 94.

SIZES OF VENTS.

The sizes of main and branch vent pipes are required to be increased as fixtures are

Four (4) one-and-one-half (12) or two (2) inch traps shall be considered equal to one (1) four (4) inch trap. Where the main vent is of