The Principles and Practice of Surveying, Volume 1Wiley, 1906 - Surveying |
Contents
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Common terms and phrases
accuracy accurate adjustment altitude axis azimuth backsight beam compass bearing bench mark boundary bubble building chain chord clamp compass computed contour convenient coördinates corner correction Cosine Sine Cosine Cotan Tan Cotan cross-hair cross-section curve deflection angle desired determined difference direction distance drawing dumpy level elevation engineer's scale equal error established exsec feet field notes foot grade head-chainman horizontal inch instrument intersection latitude latitudes and departures length line of sight located meander means measured ment method miles necessary needle observation obtained paper parallel plane plotted plumb-bob plumb-line plumbing Polaris position protractor right angles Right Ascension rod-reading scale screws shaft Sine Cosine Sine slope spirit level stakes station street lines surface survey surveyor TABLE I.-LOGARITHMS taken tangent tape tion township transit line transit survey triangle true meridian tube usually vernier vertical angle
Popular passages
Page 121 - The public lands shall be divided by north and south lines run according to the true meridian, and by others crossing them at right angles, so as to form townships of six miles square...
Page 139 - The following technical and topographic features are to be carefully observed and recorded in the field during the progress of public land surveys : "1. The precise course and length of every line run, noting all necessary offsets therefrom, with the reason for making them, and method employed. "2. The kind and diameter of all bearing trees...
Page 59 - To make the line of collimation perpendicular to the horizontal axis of the instrument; and (6) to make the horizontal axis of the telescope perpendicular to the vertical axis of the instrument.
Page 138 - They are to state and describe particularly the meander corner from which they commenced, each one with which they close, and are to exhibit the meanders of each fractional section separately; following, and composing a part of such notes, will be given a description of the land, timber, depth of inundation to which the bottom is subject, and the banks, current, and bottom of the stream or body of water you are meandering.
Page 140 - The variation of the needle must be noted at all points or places on the lines where there is found any material change of variation, and the position of such points must be perfectly identified in the notes. 20. Besides the ordinary notes taken on line (and which must always be written down on the...
Page 122 - The establishment of a principal meridian conforming to the true meridian, and, at right angles to it, a base.line conforming to a parallel of latitude. Second. The establishment of standard parallels conforming to parallels of latitude, initiated from the principal meridian at intervals of 24 miles and extended east and west of the same. Third. The establishment of guide meridians conforming to true meridians, initiated upon the...
Page 59 - The essential condition is that the vertical axis shall not alter its position. 73. ADJUSTMENT OF THE STANDARDS. — To make the Horizontal Axis of the Telescope Perpendicular to the Vertical Axis of the Instrument. (See Fig. 32.) Set up the transit and sight the vertical cross-hair on a high point A, such as the top of a church steeple. Lower the telescope and set a point B in line, on the same level as the telescope. Reverse the telescope, turn the instrument about its vertical axis, and sight...
Page 130 - Then, from the last established section corner, ie, the corner of sections 1, 2, 11, and 12, the line between sections 1 and 2 will be projected northward, on a random line, parallel to the east boundary of the township, setting a post for temporary quarter-section corner at 40.00 chains, to its intersection with the north boundary of the township.
Page 139 - ... the foot of all remarkable hills and ridges, with their courses, and estimated height in feet, above the level land of the surrounding country, or above the bottom lands, ravines, or waters near which they are situated.
Page 126 - ; and the same will be run, in all respects, like the regular standard parallels. 159. " Guide Meridians. — Guide meridians shall be extended north from the base line, or standard parallels, at intervals of 24 miles east and west from the principal meridian, in the manner prescribed for running the principal meridian, and...