Gibraltar: the History of a FortressTraces Gibraltar's role in world affairs paying special attention to its strategic position in the British Empire. |
Contents
Rock and Sea | 11 |
The Pillars of Heracles | 18 |
Gateway and Stepping Stone | 26 |
Copyright | |
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aboard Africa Algeciras allied American Atlantic attack Barcelo batteries battering-ships battle became besieged blockade bombardment Britain British cannon capture Carthaginians Ceuta civilian coast colonial command convoy defences Dr Field Drinkwater eighteenth century Eliott empire enemy England English Europa Point Europe fire flag fleet fortifications fortress France French frigate garrison German Gibraltarians Governor gunners guns harbour history of Gibraltar hundred immense important inhabitants Italian Jews King land later Malta Mediterranean Minorca Mole Moorish Morocco Musa ibn Nusair naval Navy neutral ground nineteenth century officers once Phoenicians Pillars Pillars of Heracles port ranean regiments relief Rock Rock's Roman Rooke round Royal Royal Navy sail sailors seemed ships side siege of Gibraltar soldiers Spain Spaniards Spanish lines squadron strait strait of Gibraltar Tangier thousand town trade Treaty troops vessels warships western whole wind