Coal Combustion and GasificationThe use of coal is required to help satisfy the world's energy needs. Yet coal is a difficult fossil fuel to consume efficiently and cleanly. We believe that its clean and efficient use can be increased through improved technology based on a thorough understanding of fundamental physical and chemical processes that occur during consumption. The principal objective of this book is to provide a current summary of this technology. The past technology for describing and analyzing coal furnaces and combus tors has relied largely on empirical inputs for the complex flow and chemical reactions that occur while more formally treating the heat-transfer effects. GrOWing concern over control of combustion-generated air pollutants revealed a lack of understanding of the relevant fundamental physical and chemical mechanisms. Recent technical advances in computer speed and storage capacity, and in numerical prediction of recirculating turbulent flows, two-phase flows, and flows with chemical reaction have opened new opportunities for describing and modeling such complex combustion systems in greater detail. We believe that most of the requisite component models to permit a more fundamental description of coal combustion processes are available. At the same time there is worldwide interest in the use of coal, and progress in modeling of coal reaction processes has been steady. |
Contents
| 1 | |
| 6 | |
Coal Particle Ignition and Devolatilization | 37 |
7 | 45 |
9 | 51 |
6 | 59 |
Heterogeneous Char Reaction Processes | 70 |
16 | 72 |
Evaluation of Comprehensive Models | 211 |
44 | 216 |
Basic Modeling Equations | 231 |
9 | 239 |
Turbulence | 246 |
Chemistry and Turbulence of Gaseous Fuels | 267 |
5 | 279 |
Particulate and Droplet Reactions in Turbulent Flows | 299 |
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Common terms and phrases
activation energy bituminous coal burnout calculated centerline Chapter char oxidation CO₂ coal char coal combustion coal dust coal particle coal reaction coal type codes combustion and gasification combustor comparison composition computations concentration consumption density devolatilization diameter diffusion flames effects energy entrained equations equilibrium Essenhigh Eulerian experimental fixed-bed flow fluctuations fluid mechanics Fluidized bed fuel function furnace gas phase gas temperature gas-phase gaseous gases H₂ H₂O heat transfer hydrocarbons hydrogen ignition kinetic Lagrangian lignite measured mixing mixture fraction moisture N₂ nitrogen O₂ one-dimensional oxygen parameters particle reaction particle temperature pore predictions premixed flames pressure probability density function profiles properties pulverized coal pulverized-coal pyrolysis radiation radiative rate coefficient ratio reactants reacting reaction processes reaction rate reaction rate coefficient reactivity reactor secondary shown in Figure slurry species stoichiometric stream subbituminous surface area Table turbulent Utah bituminous values variables velocity volatiles