Black Morocco: A History of Slavery, Race, and IslamBlack Morocco: A History of Slavery, Race, and Islam chronicles the experiences, identity, and achievements of enslaved black people in Morocco from the sixteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth century. Chouki El Hamel argues that we cannot rely solely on Islamic ideology as the key to explain social relations and particularly the history of black slavery in the Muslim world, for this viewpoint yields an inaccurate historical record of the people, institutions, and social practices of slavery in Northwest Africa. El Hamel focuses on black Moroccans' collective experience beginning with their enslavement to serve as the loyal army of the Sultan Isma'il. By the time the Sultan died in 1727, they had become a political force, making and unmaking rulers well into the nineteenth century. The emphasis on the political history of the black army is augmented by a close examination of the continuity of black Moroccan identity through the musical and cultural practices of the Gnawa. |
Contents
The Notion of Slavery and the Justification of Concubinage | 17 |
The Interplay between Slavery and Race and Color Prejudice | 60 |
The TransSaharan Diaspora | 109 |
The Controversy | 155 |
The Black Armys Functions and the Roles of Women | 185 |
Between Privilege | 209 |
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Common terms and phrases
Abd Allah Abd ar-Rahman According Ad-Du‘ayyif al-Bukhari al-Istiqsa al-Mansur al-wasif Almoravid An-Nasiri Arabic Arabic text Az-Zayani Berbers Bilal black army black Moroccans black slaves black soldiers captives century color concubinage concubines cultural dynasty Essaouira ethnic European female slaves French translation Gnawa Hadith Hamitic Haratin Hence Hopkins and Levtzion Ibid Ibn Battuta Ibn Khaldun Ibn Marjan Islamic law Ismaʻil land Leo Africanus León ma malakat aymanukum Maghreb Makhzan malakat aymanukum male Mali Maliki Maroc Marrakesh master Mawlay Abd Mawlay Isma‘il Mawlay Sulayman Meknes Mohamed Moroccan Moroccan society Muhammad Muslims North Africa Paris political Portuguese practice of slavery Prophet Qur'an Rabat race racial region religious reported ruler Sahara Sanhaja scholars servants sexual slave trade slavery slavery in Morocco social sources status sub-Saharan Sudan Sufi Sultan Mawlay Tafilalt Tarikh Timbuktu tion traditions tribes Udaya Véronne West Africa Windus women wrote الله على