Clinical Biomechanics of the Spine |
Contents
Biomechanics of the Intervertebral Disc | 4 |
Spine Ligaments | 17 |
The Vertebra | 23 |
Copyright | |
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activity addition analysis anterior applied associated axial rotation axis bending biomechanical Bone Joint Surg brace cause cent cervical spine changes clinical compression considerable construct correction curve damage decompression Definition deformity direction disc disease dislocation displacement effective evaluation example extension facet factors failure Figure flexion forces fracture function fusion given graft halo head important increase indicated injury intervertebral involved lateral lateral bending less ligament load lower lumbar spine material measure mechanical ment motion segment muscles nerve neurologic normal noted observed occur pain patient plane portion position possible posterior present pressure problem processes produced properties radiographs range reduce region relatively removal reported sagittal shown shown in Figure shows side significant situation spinal cord stability stiffness stress structure subjected suggested surgical thoracic tion traction translation transverse trauma treated treatment unstable vertebra vertebral body