Analytical Study of Cast Iron Pipeline Response to Shallow Trench Construction |
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200 mm)-diameter pipe adjacent trench analytical results Axis of Pipe Bottom Chord cast iron pipelines centerline Chord Nearest Comparison of Pipeline Compression Tension computer graphics construction loads Cornell University cross-section degrees-of-freedom Distance Along Axis effect of trench elastic modulus excavation and surface Exposure of Pipe field measurements finite element analyses finite element mesh finite element method finite element simulations ft(m Geotechnical Engineering horizontal bending strains in-situ increases Kulhawy linear elastic Longitudinal Pipeline Strains Longitudinal Strains maximum displacement Maximum Pipeline maximum strain ments MN/m² modulus and Poisson's modulus of elasticity O'Rourke occurs parameters parametric study pavement percent pipe diameter pipeline deformation Pipeline Displacements pipeline response pit cast iron Plane Stress Analyses plots Poisson's ratio shear stress shows soil modulus soil stress Strains Along Bottom surface loads three-dimensional finite element tion total bending strain trench edge Trench end trench excavation trench length two-dimensional vertical bending strains Vertical Displacement Profiles