The Observation and Analysis of Stellar PhotospheresThe starlight we see comes from the outer layers of a star, from the region known as the photosphere. Most of what we know about stars is learned by studying the light from the photosphere. This book describes the equipment, observational techniques and analysis used in the investigation of stellar photospheres. The opening chapters describe the basic tools, such as spectrographs and light detectors, as well as the physics of radiative transfer and the construction of models. Next the author introduces the measurement and modelling of the continuum spectrum. This is followed by the study of spectral line radiation. The final chapters explain how these techniques enable astronomers to deduce valuable information on basic properties of stars. For example, temperature, radius, surface gravity, chemical composition, rotation rate, and velocity fields can be derived from stellar spectroscopy. This textbook is written clearly and at a level suitable for advanced undergraduates, graduate students and researchers working on the properties of stars. The book is filled with real examples of stellar observations and analysis. There is valuable data and calibrations that are useful in real research, as well as extensive references to the primary literature. |
Contents
IV | 1 |
VII | 3 |
VIII | 6 |
IX | 9 |
X | 10 |
XII | 12 |
XIII | 14 |
XIV | 16 |
CXXXI | 231 |
CXXXII | 232 |
CXXXIII | 234 |
CXXXIV | 235 |
CXXXV | 236 |
CXXXVI | 241 |
CXXXVIII | 243 |
CXXXIX | 245 |
XV | 18 |
XVII | 20 |
XVIII | 25 |
XIX | 27 |
XX | 29 |
XXI | 30 |
XXIII | 33 |
XXV | 35 |
XXVI | 38 |
XXVII | 39 |
XXVIII | 40 |
XXX | 41 |
XXXI | 48 |
XXXII | 53 |
XXXIII | 54 |
XXXIV | 55 |
XXXV | 60 |
XXXVI | 61 |
XXXVII | 63 |
XXXVIII | 66 |
XXXIX | 70 |
| 73 | |
XLI | 75 |
XLIII | 77 |
XLIV | 78 |
XLV | 80 |
XLVI | 81 |
XLVII | 82 |
XLVIII | 83 |
XLIX | 84 |
L | 85 |
LI | 88 |
LII | 89 |
LIV | 91 |
LVI | 93 |
LVII | 95 |
LVIII | 96 |
LX | 97 |
LXI | 98 |
LXIII | 100 |
LXIV | 101 |
LXV | 102 |
LXVI | 105 |
LXVII | 107 |
LXVIII | 108 |
LXIX | 110 |
LXXI | 112 |
LXXII | 115 |
LXXIII | 117 |
LXXV | 118 |
LXXVI | 120 |
LXXVII | 123 |
LXXVIII | 124 |
LXXIX | 126 |
| 127 | |
LXXXI | 129 |
LXXXII | 130 |
LXXXIV | 135 |
LXXXV | 137 |
LXXXVI | 138 |
LXXXVIII | 139 |
LXXXIX | 142 |
XC | 143 |
XCII | 144 |
XCIII | 146 |
XCIV | 147 |
XCV | 149 |
XCVI | 153 |
XCVII | 158 |
XCVIII | 159 |
XCIX | 160 |
C | 161 |
CI | 164 |
CII | 167 |
CIII | 170 |
CIV | 173 |
CV | 174 |
CVII | 177 |
CVIII | 178 |
CIX | 179 |
CX | 181 |
CXI | 186 |
CXIII | 188 |
CXIV | 190 |
CXV | 191 |
CXVI | 196 |
CXVII | 198 |
CXVIII | 202 |
CXIX | 203 |
CXX | 207 |
CXXI | 209 |
CXXII | 211 |
CXXIII | 214 |
CXXIV | 215 |
CXXV | 218 |
CXXVI | 219 |
CXXVII | 224 |
CXXVIII | 225 |
CXXIX | 226 |
CXXX | 230 |
CXL | 246 |
CXLI | 249 |
CXLII | 250 |
CXLIII | 253 |
CXLV | 255 |
CXLVI | 256 |
CXLVII | 258 |
CXLVIII | 261 |
CXLIX | 262 |
CL | 265 |
| 267 | |
CLII | 269 |
CLIII | 270 |
CLIV | 272 |
CLV | 273 |
CLVI | 275 |
CLVII | 277 |
CLVIII | 282 |
CLX | 287 |
CLXI | 292 |
CLXII | 295 |
CLXIII | 300 |
CLXIV | 302 |
CLXV | 303 |
CLXVI | 304 |
CLXVIII | 307 |
CLXIX | 308 |
CLXX | 310 |
CLXXI | 312 |
CLXXIII | 314 |
CLXXIV | 315 |
CLXXV | 317 |
CLXXVII | 319 |
CLXXVIII | 320 |
CLXXIX | 321 |
CLXXX | 324 |
CLXXXII | 325 |
CLXXXIII | 326 |
CLXXXV | 332 |
CLXXXVI | 333 |
CLXXXVII | 334 |
CLXXXVIII | 335 |
CLXXXIX | 336 |
CXC | 337 |
CXCII | 338 |
CXCIII | 340 |
CXCIV | 341 |
CXCV | 342 |
CXCVI | 343 |
CXCVIII | 346 |
CC | 347 |
CCII | 348 |
CCIV | 350 |
CCV | 353 |
CCVI | 354 |
CCVIII | 356 |
CCIX | 359 |
CCX | 360 |
CCXI | 361 |
CCXII | 362 |
CCXIII | 363 |
CCXV | 364 |
| 365 | |
CCXVII | 368 |
CCXVIII | 370 |
CCXIX | 375 |
CCXX | 378 |
CCXXI | 384 |
CCXXII | 385 |
CCXXIII | 386 |
CCXXIV | 387 |
CCXXV | 388 |
CCXXVI | 389 |
CCXXVII | 391 |
CCXXVIII | 393 |
CCXXIX | 394 |
CCXXX | 396 |
CCXXXII | 401 |
CCXXXIII | 402 |
CCXXXIV | 404 |
CCXXXVI | 405 |
CCXXXVII | 407 |
CCXXXIX | 409 |
CCXL | 411 |
CCXLI | 415 |
CCXLII | 417 |
CCXLIII | 418 |
CCXLIV | 422 |
CCXLV | 423 |
CCXLVI | 424 |
CCXLVII | 425 |
| 426 | |
CCXLIX | 429 |
CCL | 430 |
CCLI | 435 |
| 437 | |
CCLIII | 443 |
CCLIV | 444 |
| 446 | |
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Common terms and phrases
8-function absorption coefficient abundance according to eq amplitude angular Astron atomic Balmer jump bisector black body broadening calculations calibration Chapter chemical composition collimator color index computed constant continuum convection convolution cool stars curve of growth dependence detector diffraction disk dispersion Doppler shifts effective temperature electron emission entrance slit equation equivalent width errors example flux Fourier transform frequency Gaussian given granulation grating Gray hydrogen lines increases instrumental profile integral interferometer ionization km/s Kurucz line absorption line profile linear luminosity macroturbulence magnetic main sequence measured model photosphere N₁ noise observed opacity optical depth parameters photometric photons photosphere pressure radiation radiative ratio resolution result rotation scale scattered light shown in Fig shows signal-to-noise ratio slicer solar source function spectral lines spectral type spectrograph spectrum stellar atmospheres surface gravity t₁ Teff telescope velocity wavelength zero Δλ