Chinese in Chicago, 1870-1945The first wave of Chinese immigrants came to Chicagoland in the 1870s, after the transcontinental railway connected the Pacific Coast to Chicago. In 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act prevented working-class Chinese from entering the U.S., except men who could prove they were American citizens. For more than 60 years, many Chinese immigrants had acquired documents helping to prove that they were born in America or had a parent who was a citizen. The men who bore these false identities were called "paper sons." A second wave of Chinese immigrants arrived after the repeal of the Act in 1943, seeking economic opportunity and to be reunited with their families. |
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Address American American citizen appear application Association BENTON HARBOR born boys building built century CERMAK certificate Chan Charles Chicago Chicago's Chinatown China Chinese architectural Chinese immigrants Chinese-American Church claim Clark Company cultural customers decorated Department Dong dressed early Ellen English established Exclusion Exposition follows friends front girls Hung identity Illinois important included King known Labor later laundry laundryman laws Leong Merchants live located look marriage married Merchants MICHIGAN Midwest mother moved Museum native opened organizations parents person photograph picture posed PROGRESS RE-ENTRY Residing restaurant ROAD Ruth San Francisco School served Shee shown shrine social Society sojourners sometimes sons Street successful teacher TEMPLE Toy Gow United VILLAGE Wentworth Avenue wife wives women young