The Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles: Trucks, Buses, and Trains, Volume 1

Rose McCallen, Fred Browand, James Ross

Springer Science & Business Media, 2004 - Computers - 567 pages

It is our pleasure to present these proceedings from the United Engineering Foundation Conference on The Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles: Trucks, Buses and Trains held December 2-6, 2002, in Monterey, California. This Department of Energy, United Engineering Foundation, and industry sponsored conference brought together 90 leading engineering researchers from around the world to discuss the aerodynamic drag of heavy vehicles. Participants from national labs, academia, and industry, including truck manufacturers, discussed how computer simulation and experimental techniques could be used to design more fuel efficient trucks, buses, and trains. Conference topics included comparison of computational fluid dynamics calculations using both steady and unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes, large-eddy simulation, and hybrid turbulence models and experimental data obtained from the Department of Energy sponsored and other wind tunnel experiments. Advanced experimental techniques including three-dimensional particle image velocimetry were presented, along with their use in evaluating drag reduction devices. We would like to thank the UEF conference organizers for their dedication and quick response to sudden deadlines. In addition, we would like to thank all session chairs, the scientific advisory committee, authors, and reviewers for their many hours of dedicated effort that contributed to a successful conference and resulted in this document of the conference proceedings. We also gratefully acknowledge the support received from the United Engineering Foundation, the US Department of Energy, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Volvo Trucks America, International Truck and Engine Corporation, and Freightliner LLC.

Contents

• Aerodynamics and Other Efficiencies in Transporting Goods: 3
• Historical Perspective as a Guide: 9
• The Status of DetachedEddy Simulation for Bluff Bodies: 29
• LES and Hybrid RANSLES Approaches: 47
• Exploring the Flow Around a Simplified Bus with Large Eddy Simulation and Topological Tools: 49
• Unsteady Flow Around Cylinders with Cavities: 65
• Complex CFD for Everyday UsePractical Applications for Vehicle Analysis: 75
• Large eddy simulation of flow around the Ahmed body: 77
• DetachedEddy Simulation of the Ground Transportation System: 89
• Software Methods and Applications: 105
• Time Dependent vs Steady State Calculations of External Aerodynamics: 107
• Aerodynamics of Ground Vehicles Toward Reliable and Affordable CFD: 119
• Improved TractorTrailer Integration and Aerodynamics Through the Use of CFD: 121
• Fundamental Physics and Practical Applications: 123
• Aspects of CFD Application to Vehicle Aerodynamic Design: 125
• Experimental Methods: 127
• PIV Study of the Near Wake of a Pickup Truck: 129
• Applications of DDPIV to Studies Associated with Road Vehicles: 131
• Molecular Tagging Velocimetry MTV and Its Automotive Applications: 143
• Quantitative Flow Visualization for Large Scale Wind Tunnels: 157
• Aerodynamics Experiments CFD: 169
• An Experimental Study of the Generic Conventional Model GCM in the NASA Ames 7by10Foot Wind Tunnel: 171
• The Measurement of Wake and Gap Flows of the Generic Conventional Truck Model GCM using ThreeComponent PIV: 173
• On the Aerodynamics of TractorTrailers: 185
• RANS Simulations of a Simplified TractorTrailer Geometry: 207
• Computational Simulation of a Heavy Vehicle Trailer Wake: 219
• Passive Active Flow Modification for Drag Reduction: 235
• Drag Reduction of TwoDimensional Bodies by Addition of Boat Tails: 237
• Drag Reduction of a TractorTrailer Using Planar Boat Tail Plates: 249
• RANS Simulations of Passive and Active Drag Reduction Devices for a Road Vehicle: 267
• Pneumatic Heavy Vehicle Aerodynamic Drag Reduction Safety Enhancement and Performance Improvement: 277
• Base Flaps and Oscillatory Perturbations to Decrease Base Drag: 303
• CFD Calculations by Various Methods: 317
• Use of Computational Aerodynamics for Commercial Vehicle Development at DaimlerChrysler: 319
• Numerical Simulation of the Flow about a Train Model: 329
• Adaptation of EddyViscosity Turbulence Models to Unsteady Separated Flow Behind Vehicles: 339
• Simulation of vehicle aerodynamics using a vortex element method: 353
• Heavy Vehicle Thermal Management: 367
• Energetic and CFD Modeling Considerations of Thermal Management: 369
• Measurement of Underhood Temperatures with Various Ventilations: 371
• Measurement and Analysis of Underhood Ventilation Air Flow and Temperatures for an OffRoad Machine: 373
• Flow Field and Thermal Management Analysis of an Armored Vehicle Engine Compartment: 385
• Aerodynamics of High Speed Trains: 411
• A Young and Turbulent Association Full of Potential: 413
• Recent Studies of Train Slipstreams: 415
• Aerodynamic Effects in Railway Tunnels as Speed is Increased: 431
• Flowinduced Vibration of HighSpeed Trains in Tunnels: 443
• How to Reduce the Cross Wind Sensitivity of Trains: 453
• CFD Study of Side Wind Effects on a High Speed Train: 469
• CFD Calculations by Various Methods continued: 471
• Commercial CFD Code Validation for HeavyVehicle External Aerodynamics Simulation: 473
• Computational Parametric Study on External Aerodynamics of Heavy Trucks: 485
• Applicability of the Vortex Methods for Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles: 498
• Aerodynamic Experiments: 510
• Development of a Wind Tunnel Model Mounting Configuration for Heavy Duty Trucks: 512
• A GroundBased Research Vehicle for Base Drag Studies at Subsonic Speeds: 514
• Recent Progress in Quebec: 528
• WindTunnel Evaluation of an Aerodynamic Heat Exchanger: 544
• Opportunities for Increasing Productivity and Safety While Reducing Fuel Use and Emissions: 558
• Author Index: 560

Bibliographic information

• Title: The Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles: Trucks, Buses, and Trains, Volume 1; Volume 19 of Lecture Notes in Applied and Computational Mechanics, ISSN 1613-7736
• Editors: Rose McCallen, Fred Browand, James Ross
• Edition: illustrated
• Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media, 2004
• ISBN: 3540220887, 9783540220886
• Length: 567 pages
• Subjects: Computers / Artificial Intelligence / General; Computers / Intelligence (AI) & Semantics; Science / Mechanics / Fluids; Science / Mechanics / Solids; Technology & Engineering / Automotive; Technology & Engineering / Engineering (General); Technology & Engineering / Manufacturing; Technology & Engineering / Mechanical