Electrical Conduction and Behaviour in "simple" InvertebratesG. A. B. Shelton Describes our current understanding of behavioural control mechanisms in 'simple' invertebrates other than arthropods, annelids, and molluscs. |
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action potentials animal apical organ ascidian Aurelia axons beat frequency behaviour Beroë Biol brain bryozoan burst Calliactis cilia ciliary reversal ciliated groove co-ordination coelenterates colonial comb plates comb rows conducting systems contraction ctenophores depolarization direction echinoderm Eckert ectodermal effective stroke electrical activity electrical stimulation electrode endodermal epithelial epithelial conduction epithelium evoked excitation feeding fibres flatworms function ganglion GFNN pulse Hernandez-Nicaise Horridge Hydra hyperpolarization inhibition innervation intracellular invertebrates Josephson Koopowitz larvae lophophore Lutaud Mackie marginal centres McFarlane mechanical stimulation mechanoreceptor medusae Mg2+ movements Naitoh nerve-net nerve-ring nervous system neurites neurons neuropile Notoplana observations oral pacemaker Paramecium Passano pathways pedal disc Physiol physiological Pleurobrachia plexus Polyorchis polyp propagated radial receptors recorded response retraction salps sea anemone sensory cells single species specimen Spencer sponges spontaneous statocyst statolith structure studies subumbrellar surface swimming synapses tadpole tentacles tissue tunicates velocity vesicles waves Woods Hole zooids Zool