Why We Nap: Evolution, Chronobiology, and Functions of Polyphasic and Ultrashort SleepJ ÜRGEN AscHOFF "Very bad habit! Very bad habit!" Captain Giles to Joseph Conrad who had taken a siesta. -Conrad: The Shadow Line On the Multiplicity of Rest-Activity Cycles: Some Historical and Conceptual Notes According to its title this book tries to answer the profound question of why we nap-and why Captain Giles was wrong in blaming Conrad for having napped. However, in this volume the term nap is not used in the narrower sense of an afternoon siesta; instead, emphasis is placed on the recurrent alternation between states of alertness and drowsiness, i. e. , on rest-activity cycles of high er frequency throughout the 24 hr. In view of this focus, two authors (Stampi, in Chapter I, and Ball, in Chapter 3) rightly refer to the psychologist Szymanski who was among the first to describe "polyphasic" activity patterns. Hence, I consider it appropriate to open this foreword with a few historical remarks. At the time when Szymanski (1920) made the distinction between "monophasic" and "polyphasic" rest-activity patterns and sleep-wake cy cles, respectively, not much was known about the mechanisms of such temporal structures. Although the botanists quite some time ago had demonstrated the endogenous nature of the "monophasic" sleep movements in plants, the hypothesis of an (still unknown) external driving force was favored by those who studied rhythms in animals and humans (Aschoff, 1990). |
Contents
Evolution Development and Regulation | 21 |
The Phasing of Sleep in Animals | 31 |
SleepWake Rhythms and Sleep Structure | 50 |
Developmental Aspects and a Behavioral Model | 58 |
The Impact of Irregular SleepWake Schedules on Circadian | 82 |
Ultradian Components | 102 |
Adult Napping and Its Effects on Ability to Function | 118 |
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Why We Nap: Evolution, Chronobiology, and Functions of Polyphasic and ... STAMPI,BROUGHTON No preview available - 2013 |
Common terms and phrases
activity adult humans AH-PO amount of sleep anchor sleep appetitive nappers baseline body temperature Chapter Chronobiology circadian rhythms Claudio Stampi component constant routines daytime naps daytime sleep Dement desynchronized Dinges DF endogenous environment experimental experiments factors Figure hr of sleep Kleitman Lavie Leonardo Leonardo da Vinci levels major sleep mammals monophasic sleep Naitoh nap sleep narcolepsy narcoleptic patients night nocturnal sleep nonnappers normal NREM occurred performance Polyphasic and Ultrashort polyphasic schedules polyphasic sleep polysomnography prior wakefulness Psychophysiology recuperative REM sleep replacement nappers rest-activity shift showed sleep and wakefulness sleep deprivation sleep efficiency sleep episodes sleep inertia sleep logs sleep loss sleep management sleep periods sleep reduction Sleep Res sleep stages sleep-wake cycle sleep-wake pattern sleep-wake schedule slow wave sleep species studies synchronized sleep task tested total sleep ultradian ultradian rhythms ultrashort sleep ultrashort sleep-wake Waterhouse Webb Zulley