Introduction to Experimental Particle PhysicsThis book brings together the most important topics in experimental particle physics over the past forty years to give a brief but balanced overview of the subject. The author begins by reviewing particle physics and discussing electromagnetic and nuclear interactions. He then goes on to discuss three nearly universal aspects of particle physics experiments: beams, targets, and fast electronics. The second part of the book treats in detail the properties of various types of particle detector, such as scintillation counters, Cerenkov counters, proportional chambers, drift chambers, sampling calorimeters, and specialized detectors. Wherever possible the author attempts to enumerate the advantages and disadvantages of performance. Finally, he discusses aspects of specific experiments, such as properties of triggers, types of measurement, spectrometers, and the integration of detectors into coherent systems. Throughout the book, each chapter begins with a discussion of the basic principles involved, followed by selective examples. |
Contents
Introduction | 1 |
12 Particles and interactions | 2 |
13 Relativistic kinematics | 5 |
14 Summary of particle properties | 7 |
15 Scattering | 10 |
16 Particle physics experiments | 14 |
17 Data analysis | 18 |
Electromagnetic interactions | 29 |
92 Fundamental processes in gases | 208 |
93 Proportional chamber gases | 216 |
94 Multiwire proportional chambers | 218 |
95 Readout electronics | 225 |
Drift chambers | 234 |
102 Construction | 241 |
103 Readout electronics | 247 |
104 Performance | 249 |
21 Energy loss in matter | 30 |
22 Quantum treatment of the energy loss | 34 |
23 Fluctuations in energy loss | 42 |
24 Energy loss of electrons and positrons | 46 |
25 Interactions of photons | 54 |
26 Elastic scattering | 64 |
27 Multiple scattering | 67 |
28 Other electromagnetic effects | 71 |
Nuclear interactions | 79 |
32 Weak interactions | 88 |
Particle beams | 93 |
42 Secondary beams | 103 |
43 Beam transport | 108 |
44 Flux monitors | 115 |
45 Other particle sources | 117 |
46 Radiation protection | 120 |
Targets | 125 |
52 Special purpose targets | 129 |
Fast electronics | 133 |
62 Discriminators | 134 |
63 Coincidence units | 137 |
64 CAMAC standard | 141 |
65 Other fast pulse devices | 142 |
66 Signal cables | 144 |
Scintillation counters | 148 |
72 Light collection | 156 |
73 Photomultiplier tubes | 161 |
74 Performance | 165 |
75 Timing applications | 169 |
Cerenkov counters | 178 |
82 Photon yield | 183 |
83 Gas radiators | 186 |
84 Threshold counters | 190 |
85 Differential counters | 196 |
86 Total absorption counters | 201 |
Proportional chambers | 205 |
105 Particle identification | 252 |
Sampling calorimeters | 259 |
112 Electromagnetic shower detectors | 266 |
113 Hadronic shower detectors | 274 |
114 Neutral particle detectors | 280 |
Specialized detectors | 285 |
122 Emulsions | 288 |
123 Spark chambers | 289 |
124 Streamer chambers | 293 |
125 Transition radiation detectors | 294 |
126 Short summary of some other detectors | 296 |
Triggers | 303 |
132 Identified particle triggers | 307 |
133 Deposited energy triggers | 315 |
134 Higher level triggering | 316 |
Detector systems | 325 |
142 Design considerations | 329 |
143 Fixed target spectrometers | 336 |
144 Colliding beam spectrometers | 341 |
145 Nucleon decay spectrometers | 349 |
146 Data acquisition | 351 |
Some fundamental measurements | 358 |
152 Total cross section | 367 |
153 Elastic scattering | 370 |
154 Polarization experiments | 372 |
155 New particle searches | 376 |
Physical constants | 385 |
Periodic table of the elements | 386 |
Probability and statistics | 388 |
Cross sections and probability | 391 |
Twobody scattering in the LAB frame | 393 |
Motion of ions in a combined electric and magnetic field | 394 |
Properties of structural materials | 396 |
Author index | 399 |
| 414 | |
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Common terms and phrases
accelerator anode anode wire argon atomic bending magnets bremsstrahlung calorimeter cathode Cerenkov counter CERN charged particle colliding beam collisions dE/dx decay delta rays detection detector device discriminator distribution drift chamber drift velocity efficiency elastic scattering electric field electromagnetic shower emitted energy loss Figure fixed target function gases GeV/c hadron high energy high voltage hodoscope hydrogen hyperon incident particle input signal Instr interaction ions light liquid magnetic field mass material measured Meth momentum multiple scattering muon MWPC neutrino neutrons nuclear pair production parameter particle identification particle physics photon Phys pion plane polarized positron produced proportional chamber pulse height radiation lengths region relativistic scintillation counters shown in Fig solid angle spark chamber spatial resolution spectrometer spin Table threshold tion total cross section track trajectory trigger tube typical wavelength wire chambers