Farm Drainage: The Principles, Processes, and Effects of Draining Land with Stones, Wood, Plows, and Open Ditches, and Especially with Tiles ... |
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Common terms and phrases
acre Agricultural America amount average bottom called carry cause cent clay collars common considerable considered convenient cost course covered crops deep depth direction discharge distance ditch drainage drains earth effect England English equal estimate evaporation expense experiments fact fall farm farmer feet feet deep field flow foot four feet give given greater ground half hand heat important improvement inches increased instance labor laid land laying less lower machine means moisture natural nearly necessary never observed obstruction operation outlet pass perhaps pipes plants plow portion practice present quantity question rain removed require sand says season seen side slope soil springs stones stream subsoil sufficient Summer surface swamp temperature tiles tion usually various whole
Popular passages
Page 86 - It is wholly immaterial, whether the party be a proprietor above or below, in the course of the river; the right being common to all the proprietors on the river, no one has a right to diminish the quantity which will, according to the natural current, flow to a proprietor below, or to throw it back upon a proprietor above, This is the necessary result of the perfect equality of right among all the proprietors of that, which is common to all...
Page 276 - While the seed now has quite enough of air from the canals, it can never be without moisture, as every particle of soil which touches it is well supplied with this necessary ingredient. This, then, is the proper condition of soil for germination, and, in fact, for every period of the plant's development ; and this condition occurs when...
Page 124 - We shall shock some and surprise many of our readers when we state confidently that in average soils, and still more in those which are inclined to be tender, horse-shoe tiles form the weakest and most failing conduit which has ever been used for a deep drain. It is so, however, and a little thought, even if we had no experience, will tell us that it must be so. A doggerel song, quite destitute of humour, informs us that tiles of this sort were used in 1760 at Grandesburg Hall, in Suffolk, by Mr.
Page 314 - roots to obstruct a pipe through which there was not a "perennial stream. The flow of water in summer and " early autumn appears to furnish the attraction. I have " never discovered that the roots of any esculent vegetable " have obstructed a pipe. The trees which, by my own " personal observation, I have found to be most danger" ous, have been red willow, black Italian poplar, alder,
Page 127 - ... of soil. We confess to some original misgivings that a pipe resting only on an inch at each end, and lying hollow, might prove weak, and liable to fracture by weight pressing on it from above ; but the fear was illusory. Small particles of soil trickle down the sides of every drain, and the first flow of water will deposit them in the vacant space between the two collars. The bottom, if at all soft, will also swell up into any vacancy. Practically, if you re-open a drain well laid with pipes...
Page 345 - The statute provides that the proprietors, or a greater part of them in interest, may apply, by petition, to the court of common pleas, setting forth the proposed improvements, and for notice to the proprietors who • do not join in the petition, and for a hearing. The court may then appoint three, five, or seven commissioners to cause the improvements to be 'effected. The commissioners are authorized to
Page 276 - The very minute ones, which occur in the particles themselves ; and, whereas, all the larger pores, those between the particles of soil, communicate most freely with each other, so that they form canals, the small pores, however freely they may communicate with one another in the interior of the particle in which they occur, have no direct connection with the pores of the surrounding particles. Let us now, therefore, trace the effect of this arrangement.
Page 274 - The first thing which occurs after the sowing of the seed is, of course, germination ; and before we examine how this process may be influenced by the condition of the soil, we must necessarily obtain some correct idea of the process itself. The most careful examination has proved that the process of germination consists essentially of various chemical changes, •which require, for their development, the presence of air, moisture, and a certain degree of warmth. Now it is obviously unnecessary for...
Page 287 - ... having been previously secured through a hole made in the side of the box, by means of a tight-fitting cork, in which the naked stem of the thermometer was grooved. A gallon of boiling water was then added. The thermometer, a very delicate one, was not in the least affected by the boiling water in the top of the box. " In this experiment the wooden box may be supposed to be a field ; the peat and cold water represent the water-logged portion ; rain falls on the surface, and becomes warmed by...
Page 277 - The first of them, we perceive, is a state of too great dryness, a very rare condition, in this climate at least; in fact, the only case in which it is likely to occur is in very coarse sands, where the soil, being chiefly made up of pure sand and particles of flinty matter, contains comparatively much fewer pores, and, from the large size of the individual particles, assisted by their irregularity, the canals are wider, the circulation of air freer, and, consequently, the whole is much more easily...
Bibliographic information
| Title | Farm Drainage: The Principles, Processes, and Effects of Draining Land with Stones, Wood, Plows, and Open Ditches, and Especially with Tiles ... |
| Author | Henry Flagg French |
| Publisher | A.O. Moore, 1859 |
| Original from | Harvard University |
| Digitized | Oct 6, 2007 |
| Length | 384 pages |
| Export Citation | BiBTeX EndNote RefMan |