A French-English Grammar: A Contrastive Grammar on Translational PrinciplesIn this contrastive French-English grammar, the comparisons between French structures and their English equivalents are formulated as rules which associate a French schema (of a particular grammatical structure) with its translation into an equivalent English schema. The grammar contains all the rules giving the English equivalents under translation of the principal grammatical structures of French: the verb phrase, the noun phrase and the adjuncts (modifiers). In addition to its intrinsic linguistic interest, this comparative grammar has two important applications. The translation equivalences it contains can provide a firm foundation for the teaching of the techniques of translation. Furthermore, such a comparative grammar is a necessary preliminary to any program of machine translation, which needs a set of formal rules, like those given here for the French-to-English case, for translating into a target language the syntactic structures encountered in the source language. |
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Contents
| 1 | |
| 25 | |
The Noun Phrase | 119 |
Adjuncts | 167 |
Conclusions Applications | 313 |
Applications | 329 |
References | 335 |
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A French-English Grammar: A Contrastive Grammar on Translational Principles Morris Salkoff No preview available - 1999 |
Common terms and phrases
able according adjective adverb ambiguous appear appropriate approximation avoir better changes classes clause comparative conditional conjunction construction containing context correct deleted depends difficulty discussed English equivalent être example expressions faire fait formal rules French French-English gerund give given grammar headed Hence indicated infinitive inserted jusqu'à latter lexical entry lexicon listed livre main verb Marie meaning modified n'est needed Note noun phrase Npred object obtained Paris particular passe-partout Paul permutation position possible preceding Prep prepositional phrase present principal problem pronominalized pronoun question reduced refers result right adjunct semantic sub-classes sentence adjunct sequence similar solution structure sub-classes support expressions support verb syntactic tense tout transfer transformed translation verb Vsup yields
Popular passages
Page 335 - Chuquet, Hélène (1994) : Le présent de narration en anglais et en français.
Page 125 - Complement clause: La seule pensee que Max exprimera sa colere me semble inacceptable -> The mere thought that Max will express his anger seems unacceptable to me b Infinitive: La seule pensee de partir me fait peur -> The mere thought of leaving frightens me. c Reduced adjunct: Cette seule pensee (me fait peur + m'intimide) — » The mere thought (frightens + intimidates) me The reduced right adjunct in (14)c arises as follows.
Page ii - Studies in Language Companion Series (SLCS) This series has been established as a companion series to the periodical Studies in Language. Editors Werner Abraham University of Vienna Michael Noonan University of...
Page 318 - Vd(Eng) is a verb that does not usually appear in the progressive tense. Hence the translation of the nuance associated with French en train de, which is usually expressed (for verbs in the subclass Va) by the English progressive tense, cannot be used here, but it can be approximated by is beginning to.
Page 18 - L'eau coule (tout) le long de la gouttiere — > Water flows (all the way) (along + down) the drainpipe b marcher (tout) le long de la riviere — » walk (all the way) (along + up + down) the river c grimper (tout) le long d'un mat -» climb (all the way) (*along + up) a mast 9 This approximation is called a 'cover word
Page 318 - Max est en train de comprendre le probleme -» Vd(Eng) Max is beginning to understand the problem; ??Max is understanding the problem French verbs in Va(Fr) can take en train de, and the corresponding English verbs, in Uj(Eng), can appear with the progressive tense is -ing.
Page 6 - After certain verbs of motion, especially alter and venir, pour is commonly omitted unless the idea of purpose needs to be stressed. It will be noticed that in such cases the best English translation also frequently omits the preposition. Examples...
Page ii - LINGVISTIC^: INVESTIGATIONS: SUPPLEMENTA Studies in French & General Linguistics / Etudes en Linguistique Francaise et Generate This series has been established as a companion series to the periodical "LINGVISTIC^ INVESTIGATIONES", which started publication in 1977. It is published by the Laboratoire d'Automatique Documentaire et Linguistique du CNRS (Paris 7).
Page xv - ... and I am glad to have this opportunity to express my gratitude to him.
Bibliographic information
| Title | A French-English Grammar: A Contrastive Grammar on Translational Principles Volume 22 of Linguisticae investigationes Volume 22 of Linguisticae investigationes.Supplementa : studies in French & genenal linguistics Issue 22 of Linguisticae investigationes: Supplementa |
| Author | Morris Salkoff |
| Edition | illustrated |
| Publisher | John Benjamins Publishing, 1999 |
| ISBN | 902723132X, 9789027231321 |
| Length | 342 pages |
| Subjects | › › Language Arts & Disciplines / Linguistics / General |
| Export Citation | BiBTeX EndNote RefMan |