Bears: Status Survey and Conservation Action PlanOf the status of bear species by distribution / Christopher Servheen -- An overview of bear conservation planning and implementation / Bernard Peyton, Christopher Servheen, and Stephen Herrero -- Genetics of the bears of the world / Lisette Waits, David Paetkau, and Curtis Strobeck -- The trade in bears and bear parts / Christopher Servheen -- Brown bear conservation action plan for North America (Ursus arctos). Alaska / Sterling D. Miller and John Schoen. Canada / Bruce McLellan and Vivian Banci. United States: grizzly bear in the Lower 48 / Christopher Servheen -- Brown bear conservation action plan for Europe (Ursus arctos). Austria / Georg Rauer. Bulgaria / Nikolai Spassov and G. Spiridonov. Finland / Erik S. Nyholm and Kai-Eerik Nyholm. France / Jean Jacques Camarra. Greece / George Mertzanis. Italy (Abruzzo) / Giorgio Boscagli. Italy (Trentino) / Fabio Osti. Norway / Ole Jakob Sřrensen, Jon E. Swenson, and Tor Kvam. Poland / Witold Frackowiak, Roman Gula, and Kajetan Perzanowski. Romania / Ovidiu Ionescu. Slovakia / Pavel Hell and Slavomir Find'o. Spain: eastern and western Cantabria. Eastern Cantabrian subpopulation / Anthony P. Clevenger and Francisco J. Purroy. Western Cantabrian subpopulation / Javier Naves Cienfuegos and Carlos Nores Quesada. Sweden / Jon E. Swenson, Finn Sandegren, Anders Bjärvall, Robert Franzén, Arne Söderberg, and Petter Wabakken. Former Yugoslavia / Djuro Huber and Miha Adamic -- Brown bear conservation action plan for Asia (Ursus arctos). China: Heilonjiang black and brown bears / Cheng Jizhen. India / S. Sathyakumar. Japan: Hokkaido / Tsutomu Mano and Joseph Moll. Mongolia: Gobi bear / Thomas McCarthy. Russia / Igor Chestin -- American black bear conservation action plan (Ursus americanus) / Michael R. Pelton, Alex B. Coley, Thomas H. Eason, Diana L. Doan Martinez, Joel A. Pederson, Frank T. van Manem and Keith M. Weaver -- Spectacled bear conservation action plan (Tremarctos ornatus) / Bernard Peyton. Bolivia / Damián I. Rumiz and Jorge Salazar. Colombia / Jorge Orejuela and Jeffrey P. Jorgenson. Ecuador / Luis Suárez. Perú / Bernard Peyton, coordinator. Venezuela / Edgard Yerena, coordinator -- Asiatic black bear conservation action plan (Ursus thibetanus). China / Ma Yiqing and Li Xiaomin. India / S. Sathyakumar. Japan / Toshihiro Hazumi. Russia / Igor Chestin and Victor Yudin. Taiwan: Formosan black bear / Ying Wang. Vietnam: black bear and sun bear / Do Dinh Sam -- Sun bear conservation action plan (Helarctos malayanus) / Christopher Servheen. Lao PDR / Richard E. Salter -- Sloth bear conservation action plan (Melursus ursinus) / David L. Garshelis, Anup R. Joshi, James L.D. Smith, and Clifford G. Rice -- Giant panda conservation action plan (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) / Donald G. Read and Jien Gong -- Global status and management of the polar bear (Ursus maritimus) / IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group. |
Contents
Introduction | 1 |
An Overview of Bear Conservation | 8 |
Genetics of the Bears of the World | 25 |
The Trade in Bears and Bear Parts | 33 |
North America | 39 |
Croatia | 55 |
MICHAEL R PELTON ALEX B COLEY THOMAS H EASON | 223 |
RUMIZ AND JORGE SALAZAR | 248 |
Introduction | 256 |
India | 271 |
YING WANG | 303 |
Common terms and phrases
agriculture Alaska American black bear Andean animals Asian Asiatic black bear bamboo bear bile bear conservation bear distribution bear hunting bear lineages bear numbers bear populations bear range bear species bear Ursus arctos biological brown bear habitat brown bear population brown bear Ursus Canada Cantabrian Cantabrian Mountains captive China clades Colombia comm communities damage density eastern ecosystems endangered females with cubs forest Forestry fragmentation gall bladders genetic giant panda grizzly bear habitat loss Habitat threats harvest human activities Human-bear interactions hunters illegal impact implementation increase India individuals IUCN killed land livestock Ministry monitoring Mountains mtDNA National Park natural needs North number of bears occur Perú poaching polar bears population estimate potential problem programs protected areas region reserves road Russia Schaller season Servheen sloth bears spectacled bear sun bear threatened western wild bears wildlife zone