A Handbook for Classroom Instruction that WorksRobert J. Marzano This handbook is intended to be a self-study guide to the effective use of nine specific instructional strategies proven to improve student achievement. The strategies are: (1) identifying similarities and differences (comparing, classifying, creating metaphors, and creating analogies); (2) summarizing and note taking; (3) reinforcing effort and providing recognition; (4) homework and practice; (5) representing knowledge (nonlinguistic representations); (6) learning groups (cooperative learning); (7) setting objectives and providing feedback; (8) generating and testing hypotheses (e.g., problem solving, and decision making); and (9) cues, questions, and advance organizers. The handbook describes the nine strategies and addresses instructional strategies that are most appropriate with specific types of knowledge, such as vocabulary terms, generalizations, and processes. A framework for using the instructional strategies to improve teacher effectiveness in unit planning is included. The handbook includes exercises for checking understanding, rubrics to assess the effectiveness of the strategy with students, and worksheets, blackline masters, and other materials to help teachers envision how to use the strategies in the classroom. (Contains 28 references.) (SM) |
