Advances in OsteoarthritisBasic research on osteoarthritis has been carried out mainly from the his tological and biochemical aspects of the degenerating chondrocytes, collagen fibers, and matrix proteoglycans. Undue mechanical stress has been shown to be the principal factor in the initiation of osteoarthritis. Although the exact process by which mechanical stress leads to the total destruction of cartilage tissue remains unclear, several new research methods have enabled us to gain a deeper understanding of the process of degeneration. In October 1997, we organized an international symposium titled "Ad vances in Osteoarthritis" in Kobe, with the main topics being updated re search, diagnosis, and treatment of osteoarthritis. The proceedings of the symposium are presented here in five sections: (1) Mechanical stress and reactions of chondrocytes, such as intracellular ion changes, changes in the cytoskeleton, intracellular messenger systems, release of gas mediators, and changes in electromechanical properties of cartilage; (2) Functional diagnosis of osteoarthritis by MR imaging, and using calpain and collagenase III as new cartilage markers; (3) Treatment with a promising simple washout technique and IL-1RA and MMP antagonists; (4) Cartilage repair by new grafting tech niques; and (5) Problems following total joint replacement. We sincerely hope that the advanced knowledge provided in this volume of proceedings will be valuable to our readers. |
Contents
Cytoskeleton and Proteoglycan Synthesis in Chondrocytes Under | 21 |
Cyclic Tensile Stretch Inhibits Proteoglycan Synthesis | 35 |
2+ Muscarinic ReceptorMediated CaČ+ Control Protein Kinase C | 48 |
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activity aggrecan Arthritis Rheum arthroscopic articular cartilage articular chondrocytes Biochem Biol bone formation Bone Joint Surg bovine c-Fos calpain cartilage matrix cartilage tissue changes chondrocytes Clin Orthop clinical collagen collagenase collagenase-3 concentration correlation culture cyclic tensile stretch decreased defects density disease effect expression femoral stem gene guinea pigs human hyaluronan hyaluronic acid hydrostatic pressure hydroxyapatite hylan implant incidence of thigh increased induced inhibition inhibitor injections intraarticular keratan sulfate knee joint layers lesions loading measured mechanical stress membrane metabolism metalloproteinase molecular weight mRNA muscarinic nasal bone normal observed Orthop Res osmolality osteoarthritic cartilage osteoarthritis osteoblast patients placebo polyethylene polyethylene wear probe protein kinase proteinase proteoglycan proteoglycan synthesis repair cells rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatol signal sodium hyaluronate staining stromelysin sulfate superficial surface synovial fluid Synvisc tion total hip arthroplasty transduction treatment u-PA vitro vivo washout weeks after surgery