Fortress of Empire: Spanish Colonial Fortifications of the Philippines, 1565-1898 |
Contents
INDIGENOUS FORTIFICATIONS 4 ANCIENT FILIPINO SOCIETY WARFARE 8 SLAVERY WEALTH 10 SPANISH INTERESTS 12 1 Safety | 1 |
INDIGENOUS FORTIFICATIONS ENCOUNTER EUROPEAN FORTIFICATIONS 13 THE BASTIONED FORT 15 THE PHILIPPINE | 17 |
OF MANILA 33 CITADEL 34 PERMANENT FORTIFICATION 35 SEDENOS TOWER 37 MANILAS WALLS 43 CHINESE THREAT | 61 |
Copyright | |
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Common terms and phrases
19th century Agustin arms artillery attack Augustinian Baclayon Balangingi Baluarte barangay bastions Bicol boats Bohol Boljoon British built Butuan Cagayan Caliber canons Caraga castillo Cavite Cebu Cebuanos Chinese coast colonial Cotabato Cuyo datus defense Ducós expedition fair condition Fernando Filipinas fleet fortifications fortified church forts Francisco Fray Julian friars Fuerza de San gate Goiti Governor Gregorio Zaide ijang Iligan Ilocos Intramuros Iranun island Ivatan Jesuit Jolo José Llavador Mira Juan Julian Bermejo Legazpi Luzon Maguindanao Manila Maranaw Miguel military detachment military engineer Mindanao Mindoro moat Moros N.p. Book natives Oslob Ozamis City Palawan palisade Panay Pasig Philippines Philippines under Spain Puerta quadrilateral raiders raids Recollect remains renovated River ruins sail Samal San Pedro Santiago settlements ships slaves soldiers Spaniards Spanish status unconfirmed stone watchtower strategic Sulayman sultan Sulu Tagalog Tandag Tausog Tomás tower town trade troops Valdés Tamon vessels Virginia Benitez Licuanan Visayan walls warriors Zamboanga