money, though of good silver, he (Henry I) commanded.
the whole of it to be broken (slit), or cut in pieces. The
measure of his own arm was applied to correct the false ell
of the traders and enjoined on all throughout England."-
Chronicles of William of Malmesbury. "That there
might be no Abuse in Measures, he ordained a Measure
made by the Length of his own Arm, which is called a
yard."- Chronicles of Baker. This may be a tradition be-
cause measurements are generally a matter of growth and
custom. However the yard is not mentioned before the
twelfth century.
The Gibbet Law of Halifax" was in force in the time
of Deloney. "The custom is supposed to have originated
when the manor of Wakefield (of which Halifax was part)
was bestowed on Earl Warren." (Time of Edward I)—
THOMS.

Page 43.-false Borderers: Warlike and treacherous raiders
dwelling on the border between England and Scotland.
Page 43.-Halifax:-In Yorkshire, situated on the Hebbele.
Page 45.-yea gude Faith, etc., etc.: Yes, good faith, My
Liege, the foul evil of my soul if anything will keep them
quiet, till the sturdy knaves be hanged up by the necks.
What the devil care they for boring their eyes, so long as
they may go groping up and down the country like false lazar
() louts, begging and whining.

CHAPTER V.

Page 50. forty shillings apiece: the first shilling (silver) was issued by Henry VII.

Page 51.-Lobcocke: a dull, country bumpkin.

Page 52.-looking on him: to hold in esteem.

Page 52.-Thou art my owne sweet Bully: A term of endearment originally applied to either sex. It later became applied to men only and meant a good fellow.

grew into the present meaning of ruffian.

From this it

Page 54.-Flirts and Fromps: loose actions and cross tempered invectives.

Page 54.-that Northern Tike: a cur-dog and from this a country boor.

Page 55.-goodly Draggletaile: a woman of unkempt dress, a slattern.

Page 55-gag-toothed: projecting or deformed jaw.

Page 55.-Companion: worthless fellow.

Page 56.-Capcase: a case made convenient for carrying small articles.

Page 57.-the smoky Lover of the House: A turret rising from the hall of a medieval house in order to allow the smoke to escape. It was open at the sides.

Page 59.-Dalliance: "Frivolous actions and amorous caressing."-N. E. D.

CHAPTER VI.

Page 65.- Watling-Street: Derived from the Saxon Atheling, "a noble road." It is the oldest street in London,

The

old British Watling Street started from Richborough on the coast of Kent and ended in Scotland. It was nearly in the line of the present Dover road and was the most used road from the days of the Romans.

Page 65.-in Saint Martins, Shoomakers: Saint Martins was practically a green country lane at that time. R. W. Bond in a note on "Shoomaker's Hall in Saint Martins" in his edition of Lyly, says, "A burlesque locality. The real Shoemaker's Hall is given by Stow as in Bread St. Ward, opposite Gt. Distar St."

Page 65.-the Flesh Shambles: stalls where the butchers exposed their meat for sale,

Page 65.-old Change: "Was formerly the old exchange, so called from the King's exchange, then kept, which was the receipt of bullion to be coined."-Srow. Chaucer men

tions the fish mongers in that part of the city. Page 65.-in Candleweek-street: The modern Cannon street. The candlemakers first lived there but later the clothmakers made it their home. "London Stone" was fixed on the south side of Candlewick (Candleweek-St.) street and from it all the Roman roads radiated.

Page 65.-Jewes Street: The old Jewry, the Ghetto of Medieval London. The Jewes had been invited into the land by William and had attained considerable influence.

Page 66.-Blackwel Hall: It is said to have been founded by Sir Ralph Blackwell, a friend of Sir John Hawkwood, in the middle of the fourteenth century.

Page 66.-S. Paul's Church: "The tower and spire rose 520

feet, or higher than the monument placed upon the cross of the present cathedral. . . . (It was) surmounted by an eagle-cock of copper gilt, 4 feet long. This steeple was taken down, and was never rebuilt."-TIMBS.

Page 66.-Cripple-Gate: The original gate was probably built by King Alfred when the walls were strengthened in 886. "When the body of Edmund the Martyr (1010), King of the East Angles, was borne through this gate many lame persons were cured by its miraculous influence.”. STOW. From this tradition the gate is supposed to take its name. It was rebuilt in 1244 and 1491, was repaired by Charles II, and finally pulled down in 1760.

Page 66.-The Tower of London: was built about 1078 by the Conqueror to insure peace and security in London. The foundation was of Roman bricks and the remains of an old Roman bastion. "Even as to length of days the Tower has no rivals among palaces and prisons. . . . Old writers date it from the days of Cæsar; a legend taken up by Shakespeare and the poets in favour of which the name of Caesar's Tower remains in popular use to this day."—W. H. DIXON, "Her Majestie's Tower."

Page 67.-Wind their owne Quilles: A piece of small reed or slender tube used by weavers to wind thread upon.

Page 68.-Such as serve seven Yeeres in London: The Weavers Guild was first heard of in 1130, when Robert Leofstan's son paid £10 to the Exchequer for them.

Page 69.-Sarum Towne: The ruins are about one and one-half miles north of Salisbury. The decline began in the reign of

Henry I, originating in a disagreement between the civil and ecclesiastical authorities. It became known later as a rotten

borough.

Page 69.-Woad: A cruciferous plant, Isatis tinctoria, formerly much cultivated for its blue dye.

Page 71.-Weavers Hall: Was in Basing-hall street.

This

company was one of the first to be incorporated. For immunities they paid £16 a year to Henry I.

Page 73.- What a Coyle keep you: Rumpus or hubbub. Page 74.-London Oyster-Wives, etc.: These names were in general use as terms of derision or invective.

Page 75.-Droile: About the same meaning as drudge.

Page 76.-Aqua- Vitae: This name used at that time for alcohol.

CHAPTER VII.

Page 81.-Cardife Castle: In the town of Glamorganshire. It is a corruption of Caer Tâf, the fortress on the river Tâf. Here Robert learned Welsh and solaced himself by poetry. It is said that he composed the following verses:

"Oak, born on these heights, theatre of carnage, where blood has rolled in streams:

Misery to those who quarrel about words over wine.

Oak, nourished in the midst of meadows covered with blood and

corpses:

Misery to the man who has borne an object of hatred.

*