Unlevel Playing Fields: Understanding Wage Inequality and Discrimination |
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affirmative action argued artichokes average behavior benefits business cycle capitalists Chapter comparable worth comparative advantage competitive markets consumers context cost of job crimination discriminatory division of labor economists believe effects efficient employers equal equilibrium equity example explain exploitation family wage female firm Gary Becker groups higher wages hire home production human capital incentives income increase individuals industry inefficient inequality job loss Labor Economics labor force labor market labor segmentation look lower wages managers Marx median neoclassical economics neoclassical economists notion occupations opportunity cost oppression policies political economists premarket discrimination problem profits programs race and gender racial reduce result role sector segregation skills social society statistical discrimination supply and demand taste for discrimination theory tion U.S. Census Bureau unemployment rates United wage differences white male workers women and blacks women and minorities workplace York