Comparative Aspects of Reproductive Failure: An International Conference at Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, N.H.—July 25–29, 1966To many, the contents of this conference may not seem appropriate at a time when the minds are preoccupied with a "population explosion." To the participants and guests of this conference, however, this was a week of fascinating discussions. While quantitative aspects of reproduc tion were touched upon, it was mostly a search for an understanding of the qualitative aspects of reproduction and its failure. Only when we understand these more completely will it be possible to render optimum care and have the foundations for meaningful population control. The conference was conceived in discussions at the Committee on Pathology of the National Academy of Sciences, W"ashington, in 1965. It was felt that investigators in medicine and the veterinary fields would profit greatly from a closer liaison. All too frequently, we work relatively isolated in our respective fields and, with the burgeoning information filling our journals, we have not enough time and leisure to stand back and attempt a comparative look at the subject of study. Often we are not familiar with the techniques other disciplines use, and which we could well employ to great advantage. ,,yhile this applies to many aspects of medicine, a comparative approach to the study of reproductive failure seemed most advantageous at this time. |
Contents
| 1 | |
| 8 | |
| 9 | |
Spontaneous abortion | 28 |
Reproductive Failure in Domestic Mammals | 43 |
Atypical fertilization | 49 |
Other pregnancy disorders | 60 |
Anatomical stress and hereditary defects | 67 |
The integument | 261 |
Digestive tract | 263 |
Vibriosis | 273 |
Fetal Infections in | 279 |
Clinical implications | 286 |
Closing comments and hypothesis | 292 |
Fetal toxoplasmosis as sequel to acute infection of the mother | 303 |
Habitual abortions and embryopathies | 309 |
Pathogens and reproductive failure | 82 |
Materials and method | 96 |
44 | 105 |
Discussion | 108 |
45 | 116 |
Genetic and Biochemical Aspects of Reproductive Failure | 118 |
The development of enzyme systems | 124 |
47 | 140 |
ChemoMechanics of Implantation | 142 |
Interactions of maternal and embryonic factors | 152 |
Possible roles for the steroid hormones in control of gestation | 154 |
Estrogens | 161 |
48 | 168 |
Protein Hormones and Gestation | 170 |
Human placental lactogen | 178 |
Prolonged Gestation | 186 |
Abnormally long gestation in sheep | 187 |
OögenesisOvulation and Egg Transport | 194 |
Egg transport | 200 |
Experimental Hybridization | 206 |
49 | 208 |
Embryo transfer | 212 |
Sterility and Fertility of Interspecific Mammalian Hybrids | 218 |
53 | 220 |
Bear chromosomes and hybrids | 224 |
Cervidae and hybrids | 230 |
54 | 234 |
Material and methods | 236 |
Developmental Malformations as Manifestations of Reproductive Failure | 246 |
organ response | 252 |
Summary | 315 |
56 | 319 |
Mycosis of the uterus placenta and fetus | 323 |
Mycosis of the male reproductive system | 329 |
Cytomegalovirus infection of man | 335 |
60 | 339 |
Bluetongue | 342 |
Theory Observations | 350 |
Summary | 358 |
Gestational pathology and maternal diabetes mellitus S G Driscoll | 365 |
98 | 367 |
Degeneration of overcrowded placentae E S E Hafez | 385 |
Ontogenesis of the Immune Response | 392 |
The timing of immunogenesis in the developing animal | 399 |
The consequences of active immune responses by the fetus | 406 |
| 412 | |
Immunological Interactions between Mother and Fetus | 413 |
Maternal immunological reactivity | 420 |
Conclusions | 430 |
| 438 | |
Reproduction at High Altitudes | 447 |
120 | 448 |
Possible reproductive failure at high altitude | 453 |
Materials and methods | 459 |
63 | 464 |
122 | 466 |
Closing Remarks | 473 |
| 477 | |
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Common terms and phrases
abnormal abortion activity amnion animals anomalies antibody antigens Benirschke Biol birth Blandau blastocyst blood bovine breeding cattle cause cells cent chorionic chromosome congenital corpus luteum culture cysts decidua disease effect eggs embryo endocrine Endocrinol endometrium estrogen estrus experimental factors female fertilization fetal fetus fetuses follicles freemartin genetic gestation goat gonadotrophin gonads Gynec hamster Hertig hormone human placenta hybrid immunity immunologic implantation induced infants infection insemination intersexuality karyotype Kilham lesions lobules male malformations mammalian mammals maternal mechanisms membranes mice mortality mother mouse neonatal newborn normal observed Obstet occurs oophorectomy organisms ovarian ovaries ovulation ovum oxygen parturition pathology physiological pituitary placenta pregnancy Proc progesterone protein rabbit reproductive failure result rhesus rubella semen sex chromatin sheep species specimens sperm spermatozoa stage steroid studies syndrome teratogenic tion tissue Toxoplasma toxoplasmosis transplantation trisomy trophoblast umbilical uterine utero uterus villi viral virus