The Scientific Article in the Age of Digitization1. The birth of the electronic journal In the autumn of 1987 Michael Ehringhaus and Bird Stasz of Syracuse U- versity launched New horizons in adult education, probably the very rst ref- 1 ereed scienti c journal to be published in electronic form ( g. 1. 1). The rst issue was sent over the Adult Education Network (AEDNET). The journal still 2 exists today. In March 1991 Ted Jennings of the University at Albany (State 3 University of New York) launched EJournal, described as an ‘electronic jo- nal concerned with the implications of electronic networks and texts’ ( g. 1. 2), coining the now popular term e-journal. The Online journal of current cli- cal trials, published from September 1991, has been described as the rst peer 45 reviewed electronic journal in medicine. How signi cant is the phenomenon of the scienti c electronic journaltoday, more than a decade and a half after its introduction? Over this period inf- mation and communication technologies (ICT) have been an important factor in the development of scienti c communication. Applications such as c- munication over digital networks (converging towards a single network – the Internet), the use of computerized systems for creating, storing and retrieving 1 The scienti c journal is also referred to as ‘scholarly’ or ‘research’ journal. We use the former term in this study. 2 Although no longer distributed over AEDNET but through the World Wide Web. The rst issue is now ? available at http://www. nova. edu/ aed/horizons/vol1n1. |
Contents
| 1 | |
Theory | 15 |
Outline | 21 |
The scientific journal | 37 |
THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION SYSTEM | 45 |
THE DIGITIZATION OF INFORMATION | 93 |
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academic actors adapt adoption aggregate level analysis applied archiving BioMed Central Björk BMC journals century change agents chapter characteristics communicative practice concept created databases described diffusion of innovations digital document digital format digital information Digital rights management domain dynamic e-journals editors electronic journal embedded entific environment examples external formal scientific communication functions genre hyperlinks hypertext impact of digitization information chain information resources information science infrastructure innovation input interactive issue journal articles knowledge libraries multimedia navigational open access journals open access publishing outcome output Palaeontologia Electronica paper peer review print journals properties publication published references research article revolution role scholarly communication scientific article scientific communication scientific information scientific journal scientists social society specific structure style Table technical theory tion traditional transformation various