"Fire I' the Blood": A Handbook of Figurative LanguageThere are great differences between the oral use of figurative language and its written use. Nevertheless, the only separately published textbook for figurative language is almost entirely concerned with oral figurative language, offering such examples as "you have a heart of stone" or "you make my blood boil." Much, if not most, oral language consists of long, repetitious portions of cliche and platitude, and not surprisingly, the figurative language used follows the same pattern. Writing teachers generally ask their students not to use cliches and platitudes, even though they may (mistakenly, I think) advise students to "write like you speak." |
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___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 13 ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 16 ___________________________________________ 13 ___________________________________________ 20 abstract concepts Abstractions Literal Allusion Characteristics cliché and platitude cold Coke comparison of non-substantives comparison of similar concepts A comparison conceptual metaphor concrete image cuckoo different things different unlike examples explained Another kind Explanatory Appendix feature or features features in common figurative comparison figures of speech golden ocean human Hyperbole kind of figurative known or explained language A concrete Literal item commonly literal–an exaggeration Litotes Metonymy Never Present Literal Never Present Present non-substantives A comparison ornament overstatement Personification prairie Present Figurative language Present Literal language Present Literal meaning Present Present Figurative Present Present Present Reification RHETORICAL CLASSES Seven common figures Shakespeare Simile Sometimes Never Present Sometimes Present Present subst substantives nouns substitution Synecdoche things compared things The things types of figurative whole wind word or term writing