Introduction to Aircraft Flight Mechanics: Performance, Static Stability, Dynamic Stability, and Classical Feedback ControlBased on a 15-year successful approach to teaching aircraft flight mechanics at the US Air Force Academy, this text explains the concepts and derivations of equations for aircraft flight mechanics. It covers aircraft performance, static stability, aircraft dynamics stability and feedback control. |
Contents
A Review of Basic Aerodynamics | xv |
12 The Standard Atmosphere | 11 |
13 Airfoil Fundamentals | 13 |
14 Finite Wings | 40 |
15 Aircraft Aerodynamics | 45 |
16 Historical SnapshotThe AC130H Drag Reduction Effort | 51 |
References | 53 |
Problems | 54 |
66 Historical Snapshot The X38 Parafoil Cavity Investigation | 289 |
References | 294 |
Aircraft Dynamic Stability | 301 |
72 Root Representation Using the Complex Plane | 314 |
73 Transforming the Linearized EOM to the Laplace Domain | 319 |
74 Dynamic Stability Guidelines | 354 |
75 CooperHarper Ratings | 369 |
76 Experimental Determination of SecondOrder Parameters | 370 |
A Review of Basic Propulsion | 57 |
22 Propulsion System Characteristics | 62 |
23 Historical SnapshotAircraft Performance Modeling and the Learjet Model 35 | 74 |
Reference | 76 |
Aircraft Performance | 77 |
32 Equations of Motion for Straight Level and Unaccelerated Flight | 83 |
33 Thrust and Power Curves | 85 |
34 Takeoff and Landing Performance | 89 |
35 Gliding Flight | 100 |
36 Climbs | 106 |
37 Endurance | 108 |
38 Range | 114 |
39 Turn Performance and Vn Diagrams | 125 |
310 Historical Snapshot | 133 |
References | 138 |
Aircraft Equations of Motion | 143 |
42 Coordinate Transformations | 145 |
43 Aircraft Force Equations | 151 |
44 Moment Equations | 153 |
45 Longitudinal and LateralDirectional Equations of Motion | 162 |
47 Historical SnapshotGenesis 2000 Flight Simulator | 167 |
Reference | 168 |
Aircraft Static Stability | 171 |
53 Longitudinal Applied Forces and Moments | 175 |
54 Longitudinal Static Stability | 189 |
55 LateralDirectional Applied Forces and Moments | 200 |
56 LateralDirectional Static Stability | 213 |
57 Summary of SteadyState Force and Moment Derivatives | 227 |
58 Historical SnapshotThe X38 MidRudder Investigation | 228 |
References | 231 |
Linearizing the Equations of Motion | 237 |
62 Developing the Linearized Aircraft Equations of Motion | 239 |
63 FirstOrder Approximation of Applied Aero Forces and Moments | 242 |
64 FirstOrder Approximation of Perturbed Thrust Forces and Moments | 277 |
65 Recasting the Equations of Motion in Acceleration Format | 283 |
77 Historical SnapshotThe A10A Prototype Flight Evaluation | 375 |
References | 378 |
Classical Feedback Control | 387 |
82 ClosedLoop Systems | 390 |
83 ClosedLoop Analysis of a SecondOrder System | 392 |
84 ClosedLoop Transfer Functions | 397 |
85 Time Response Characteristics | 401 |
86 Root Locus Analysis | 403 |
87 Historical SnapshotThe C1 Autopilot | 425 |
Problems | 426 |
9 Aircraft Stability and Control Augmentation | 431 |
92 OuterLoop AutopilotNavigation Control | 442 |
93 Compensation Filters | 449 |
94 Combined Systems | 455 |
95 Historical SnapshotThe A7D DIGITAC Digital Multimode Flight Control System Program | 461 |
References | 467 |
Special Topics | 471 |
102 Frequency Response | 490 |
103 Digital Control | 542 |
104 Advanced Control Algorithms | 547 |
105 Reversible and Irreversible Flight Control Systems | 549 |
106 Spins | 552 |
107 Historical SnapshotThe F16 FlybyWire System | 556 |
Problems | 565 |
Conversions | 569 |
Properties of the US Standard Atmosphere | 571 |
Airfoil Data | 575 |
T38 Performance Data | 587 |
Selected Laplace Transforms | 600 |
Development of Longitudinal and LateralDirectional Transfer Functions | 606 |
Stability Characteristics of Selected Aircraft | 610 |
Bibliography | 620 |
| 628 | |
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Common terms and phrases
aerodynamic aileron aircraft airfoil altitude angle of attack approximation axis system Bode plot body axis system C₁ C₁₁ characteristic equation closed-loop configuration constant damping ratio decreases defined derivative discussed in Sec drag coefficient dutch roll dynamic stability engine Example feedback filter first-order flight condition flight control system flow ft/s ft/s² ft² horizontal tail increase ISBN Laplace lateral-directional lead compensator lift coefficient load factor longitudinal Mach number magnitude motion natural frequency negative OLTF open-loop output parameters perturbed phase phugoid pilot pitching moment poles positive pressure rad/s response Reynolds number roll rate root locus second-order short period shown in Fig sideforce sideslip angle stability axis static stability steady-state error thrust transfer function trim true airspeed TSFC typically U₁ vector velocity vertical tail wing δα δε