Drug Action in the Central Nervous SystemPharmacodynamics--the mechanisms and pathways through which drugs influence living organisms--is the primary subject of Drug Action in the Central Nervous System. Many aspects of current working theories of epilepsy, depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease and other neurological and psychiatric disorders are based on studies of the pharmacodynamics of drug action in the central nervous system. The knowledge acquired from these studies can be successfully applied to the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders as well. The first three chapters of this book provide an overview of brain function and the basic principles of drug delivery and receptor function. Subsequent chapters analyze in full detail the pharmacodynamics of the centrally-acting drugs, including analgesics, anesthetics, muscle relaxers, migraine drugs, antiepileptics, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and sedative-hypnotics. Each of these chapters starts with a brief survey of the neurobiology of the systems affected by the drug class under discussion, followed by a detailed description of the mechanism of action, major side effects, and relevant pharmacokinetics of the drug class. The book also details the effects of street drugs on the nervous system. A chapter-by-chapter drug list is included in the appendix. Throughout the text, figures illustrate key concepts that do not yield readily to verbal description. Tables summarize DSM-IV criteria and list the therapeutic and side effects of the various drug classes. |
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Page 142
... muscle tone . As a result , gamma - motor - neuron activity in the spinal cord is decreased and muscle tone is reduced . Since the sedative - hypnotics induce muscle relaxation by depressing activity in the RF , muscle relaxation will ...
... muscle tone . As a result , gamma - motor - neuron activity in the spinal cord is decreased and muscle tone is reduced . Since the sedative - hypnotics induce muscle relaxation by depressing activity in the RF , muscle relaxation will ...
Page 169
... muscle relaxers are often needed . Reduced muscle tone is needed to facilitate physical manipulation during surgery ( e.g. , to enable appropriate retraction of the abdominal wall and to set fractures ) . The benzodiazepines are often ...
... muscle relaxers are often needed . Reduced muscle tone is needed to facilitate physical manipulation during surgery ( e.g. , to enable appropriate retraction of the abdominal wall and to set fractures ) . The benzodiazepines are often ...
Page 171
... muscle exhibits rapid but uncoordinated muscle twitches called fascicula- tions followed by flaccid paralysis . By locking the NM receptor open , Na * continues to enter , K * continues to exit , and the channels cannot be reset ...
... muscle exhibits rapid but uncoordinated muscle twitches called fascicula- tions followed by flaccid paralysis . By locking the NM receptor open , Na * continues to enter , K * continues to exit , and the channels cannot be reset ...
Contents
Introduction | 1 |
The Delivery of Drugs to the CNS | 19 |
Drugs and Receptors | 47 |
Copyright | |
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Common terms and phrases
ability accumbens acid action activity administered affinity agents agonists alcohol alpha alterations amine amphetamine amygdala analgesic anesthesia antagonists antidepressant antimuscarinic antipsychotic antipsychotic drugs associated barbiturates behavior benzodiazepines binding biotransformation blockade blood brain Ca2+ carbamazepine cells channels chronic clinical clozapine cocaine concentration cortex cortical decreased depolarization diazepam diffusion direct-acting disorder dopamine dosage dose drug class duce dystonia efficacy enzyme fibers function GABA half-life hallucinations hallucinogenic halothane headache hormone hypothesis increased induce inhibition inhibitors involved levodopa lithium mechanism membrane metabolism metabolites migraine morphine muscarinic muscle neurons neurotransmitter nicotinic normal NSAIDs occur opioid overdose pain pathway patients peripheral pharmacodynamic pharmacokinetic phenobarbital phenytoin plasma levels potency potential produce protein psychotic receptors reduce release respiratory depression responsible result reuptake second messengers sedation sedative-hypnotic seizure sensory serotonin side effects sleep solubility spinal striatum subunits symptoms synapse syndrome TCAs therapeutic therapy tion tolerance toxicity treatment tremor volatile anesthetics
References to this book
A Primer of Drug Action: A Concise Nontechnical Guide to the Actions, Uses ... Robert M. Julien No preview available - 2001 |
Der gitterlose Käfig: Wie unser Gehirn die Realität erschafft Manfred Schmidbauer No preview available - 2003 |