Biology and Ecology of Earthworms, Volume 3This is the third edition of this popular text which reviews all aspects of earthworm biology and ecology. The book has been updated throughout and extensive additions made. These include a greatly expanded treatment of earthworm community ecology, interactions between earthworms and microorganisms, and the importance of earthworms in environmental management and their use in organic waste management. A straightforward and integrative approach has been taken to reviewing the literature of this important area (over 1400 references are cited). An extensive appendix has also been added summarizing the toxicity to earthworms of a wide range of chemicals. This book will continue to be an invaluable text for students of agriculture, soil science, ecology and invertebrate zoology. |
Contents
Earthworm morphology | 1 |
12 CHAETOTAXY | 2 |
13 GENITAL AND OTHER APERTURES | 5 |
14 THE CLITELLUM AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES | 6 |
15 PIGMENTATION | 7 |
16 THE BODY WALL | 8 |
17 THE COELOM | 11 |
18 THE ALIMENTARY CANAL | 13 |
75 SOIL TYPE | 146 |
76 ORGANIC MATTER | 148 |
77 FOOD SUPPLY | 150 |
78 INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS | 154 |
The role of earthworms in organic matter and nutrient cycles | 155 |
82 AMOUNTS OF ORGANIC MATTER CONSUMED | 160 |
83 NUTRIENT CYCLING | 162 |
Earthworms and microorganisms | 181 |
19 THE VASCULAR SYSTEM | 15 |
110 THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM | 18 |
112 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM | 23 |
113 THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM | 27 |
Earthworm diversity and geographical distribution | 30 |
22 FAMILIES GENERA AND SPECIES | 32 |
23 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION | 40 |
Earthworm biology | 46 |
32 REPRODUCTION | 54 |
33 QUIESCENCE DIAPAUSE AND ESTIVATION | 60 |
34 GROWTH | 62 |
35 BEHAVIOR PATTERNS | 64 |
Earthworm physiology | 71 |
42 DIGESTION | 73 |
43 EXCRETION | 74 |
44 CIRCULATION | 77 |
45 NERVOUS SYSTEM | 78 |
46 WATER RELATIONSHIPS | 82 |
47 LOCOMOTION AND PERISTALSIS | 84 |
48 REGENERATION | 86 |
49 TRANSPLANTATION | 88 |
Earthworm ecology populations | 89 |
52 SIZE OF POPULATIONS | 96 |
AGE DISTRIBUTION | 100 |
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION | 101 |
55 SEASONAL POPULATIONS AND ACTIVITY | 106 |
Earthworm ecology communities | 112 |
62 DISPERSAL | 120 |
63 PREDATORS PARASITES AND PATHOGENS | 124 |
64 ECOLOGICAL ENERGETICS | 129 |
The influence of environmental factors on earthworms | 134 |
72 TEMPERATURE | 137 |
73 pH | 142 |
74 AERATION AND CARBON DIOXIDE | 145 |
92 IMPORTANCE OF MICROORGANISMS AS FOOD FOR EARTHWORMS | 189 |
93 DISPERSAL OF MICROORGANISMS BY EARTHWORMS | 191 |
94 STIMULATION OF MICROBIAL DECOMPOSITION BY EARTHWORMS | 193 |
Role of earthworms in soil structure fertility and productivity | 196 |
102 EFFECTS OF EARTHWORMS ON SOIL STRUCTURE | 202 |
103 EARTHWORMS AS BIOINDICATORS OF SOIL TYPE | 211 |
104 EFFECTS OF EARTHWORMS ON PLANT PRODUCTIVITY | 212 |
Earthworms as pests and benefactors | 218 |
112 EARTHWORMS AS BENEFACTORS OTHER THAN IN SOIL FERTILITY | 225 |
113 CONTROL OF EARTHWORMS | 229 |
Earthworms in environmental management | 231 |
122 EARTHWORMS AS INDICATORS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION | 237 |
Earthworms in organic waste management | 241 |
131 MANAGEMENT OF SEWAGE SLUDGE BY EARTHWORMS | 242 |
132 MANAGEMENT OF ANIMAL VEGETABLE AND INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC WASTES BY EARTHWORMS | 244 |
133 SPECIES OF EARTHWORMS SUITABLE FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT | 247 |
134 EARTHWORM COMPOSTS AS PLANT GROWTH MEDIA | 253 |
135 THE USE OF EARTHWORMS AS A FEED PROTEIN SOURCE FOR ANIMALS | 257 |
136 ENGINEERING OF WASTE MANAGEMENT BY EARTHWORMS | 263 |
137 ROLE OF EARTHWORMS IN PROCESSING ORGANIC WASTES APPLIED TO AGRICULTURAL AND OTHER LAND | 266 |
Effects of agricultural practices and chemicals on earthworms | 268 |
142 THE EFFECTS OF CROPPING | 273 |
143 THE EFFECTS OF FERTILIZERS | 276 |
144 THE EFFECTS OF CHEMICALS | 278 |
145 THE EFFECTS OF RADIOISOTOPES | 291 |
146 HEAVY METALS AND EARTHWORMS | 292 |
147 ACID DEPOSITION AND EARTHWORMS | 298 |
Summary of results of laboratory and field experiments on testing the toxicity of chemicals to earthworms | 300 |
Appendix B Glossary | 306 |
| 310 | |
| 381 | |
| 392 | |
| 402 | |
Common terms and phrases
acid Agric Allolobophora animal bacteria benomyl Biochem biomass Bouché caliginosa carbon cells chemicals chlorotica clitellum cocoon production cocoons coelomic coelomic fluid crop diapause dorsal earth earthworm activity earthworm burrows earthworm casts Earthworm Ecology earthworm populations earthworm species Ecol Edwards and Lofty effect of earthworms Eisenia fetida Eisenia foetida Enchytraeidae environmental Evans and Guild feed fertility fetida forest fungi Glossoscolecidae grassland Handsorting heavy metals increased influence of earthworms ingested insecticides intestine Lavelle layer litter longa lumbricid Lumbricus terrestris megascolecid Megascolecidae micro-organisms microbial mineral moisture nephridia Neuhauser nitrogen numbers numbers of earthworms nutrient Oligochaeta organic matter organic wastes parthenogenesis pasture Pedobiologia pesticides Pheretima plant growth plant litter plots Proc produced prostomium reported residues rosea rubellus Satchell segments setae sludge Soil Biol soil fauna soil surface Soil Zoology species of earthworms spermathecae surrounding soil temperature tion tissues toxic tropical ventral vermicomposting Vermiculture vessel worms Zool
Popular passages
Page 314 - Jennings, AC (1959) Earthworms and soil fertility. III. The influence of earthworms on the availability of nitrogen. Aust. J.
Page 315 - Bengtsson, G., Nordstrom, S., and Rundgren, S. (1983) Population density and tissue metal concentration of Lumbricids in forest soils near a brass mill, Environ. Pollut. (Ser. A.) 30, 87-108.
Page 314 - Barois, I., Verdier, B., Kaiser, P. et al. (1987) Influence of the tropical earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus (Glossoscolecidae) on the fixation and mineralization of nitrogen, in On Earthworms, (eds AM Bonvicini-Pagliai and P.
Page 314 - The influence of earthworms on soil fertility. II. Consumption of soil and organic matter by the earthworm Allolobophora caliginosa, Aust.