The Herring Gull's World: A Study of the Social Behavior of Birds |
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adult aggressive alarm call animals attack beach begging begin behaviour behaviour-pattern bill bill-tip birds Black-headed Gull breeding season brooding CHAPTER chicks choking club colour Common Gull copulation cryptic defence developed displacement activities distance drive dummies dunes eggs executive organs experiments fact feathers feeding female fighting function Goethe ground Gull's head head-tossing Iceland Gulls incubating bird incubation individuals influence innate instance intensity interesting intruders Lapwings Laughing Gull Lesser Black-backed Gull Little Owl Lorenz male male's mate mew call neck nervous system nest nest-building Niko Tinbergen normal observed occasionally paddling pair parent peck Plate plumage Portielje possible predator preening prey problem react reaction recognise red patch released responses ritualised Rüppell Sandwich Terns seems seen sense-organs sexual sign stimuli sitting situation social species stickleback stretched strong terns territory Terschelling tests Tinbergen upright threat posture urge usually utter walks Wassenaar watching wings young