World Bank Staff Working Paper, Issue 430World Bank, 1980 |
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265 million pairs 40 percent tariff abroad additional tariff adjustment annual rate Changes Foreign productivity coefficient cost increase 1.33X decade decline duction Economy of Protection Employment Changes endogenous equation is estimated exchange rate exogenous variables exports footwear imports footwear industry SIC-314 foreign No Intervention Foreign productivity 2X foreign shoe industries foreign U.S. cost government intervention Hong Kong import penetration import price increase 4X foreign industry output input cost International Trade Commission Intervention USITC Plan least squares nonrubber footwear industry number of firms obtain if productivity OECD OMA's output and employment output changes pairs of shoes parameter estimates Pm/Pr price equation price leadership productivity 4X U.S. productivity changes quota is binding quota-tariff policy rubber footwear rubber soled/fabric upper shipments nominal shipments real supply and demand Szenberg et.al tariff rate U.S. cost increase U.S. Footwear Industry U.S. nonrubber footwear Value of imports Value of shipments value real wages women's shoes