How to Keep Plans Off of the Shelf: An Organization View of Planning, Management, and Implementation |
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activity structures actual administrative level Administrator's office Ann Arbor's PPBS Arizala attempt to implement basic benefits Borut budget bureau staff budget requests City Administrator City Manager City of Saginaw city-wide Community Systems Foundation component tasks conclusion constraints deal demonstration project department heads departmental level departmental participation desired participation detailed Detroit discontinued environment evaluating existence Finance fiscal George Washington University imple implement PPBS implementation plan implementation tactics included initial innovation Mader management model ment mentation Michigan objectives operating departments operating units organization organizational view outcome output Parks and Recreation pation performed planner potential participants PPB Group PPB Staff PPB System PPBS operation prediction support support preparation problems progress Qualified Non prediction recognized Recreation Department result characteristics Saginaw Yes sequence specific Strategic Planning Mandate suggests SUMMARY TABLE support the prediction TABLE FOR PREDICTIVE Traffic Engineering training sessions University of Michigan Urban Institute various departments Wyoming