Environmental Regulation in China: Institutions, Enforcement, and ComplianceEven though China has created an administrative structure and regulatory programs to curb pollution, environmental quality has continued to deteriorate. Are polluters following the rules? How do regulators and polluters alike respond to ChinaOs environmental controls? This thoroughly documented study examines these central questions by analyzing compliance with programs involving wastewater discharge standards, fees, and permits. The successes and failures of these programs are tracked in comprehensive case studies and remarkably candid surveys of factory managers in six Chinese cities. The authorsO final chapter adds an international dimension by comparing Chinese water pollution control programs with their counterparts in the United States. |
Contents
Environmental Costs of Chinas Economic Growth | xvii |
Programs Regulating Industrial Pollution | 9 |
Administrative Structures and Post1978 Economic Reforms | 29 |
Organizations Influencing Industrial Pollution Control | 51 |
Informal Rules of Behavior Affecting Compliance | 73 |
Program Design and Compliance | 93 |
Enforcing Environmental Regulations | 111 |
Effects of Profit Cost and Ownership Form on Enterprises Response to Regulations | 129 |
Study Design Objectives Methods and Definitions of Compliance | 169 |
Classes of Water Use in China | 181 |
National Effluent Standards | 183 |
Effluent Standards Applicable to Different Classes of Water Use | 185 |
Bibliography | 187 |
| 197 | |
| 205 | |
Comparing China and the United States | 149 |
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Common terms and phrases
administrative Anyang EPB Beijing Changzhou EPB China China Environmental Chinese Chongqing compliance county-level city discharge permit system discharge standards enterprise's environmental agency environmental laws environmental management Environmental Protection Administration environmental protection bureaus Environmental Protection Commission environmental regulations environmental rules EPB staff EPB's example factory fee program guanxi Huai River Hunter and Waterman included industrial bureaus Interview issued Jinan EPB limits mass flowrate mayor ment mg/l Ministry monitoring municipal EPB Municipal People's Government national effluent standards National Environmental National People's Congress NEPA NGOs NPDES over-standard fees people's congresses percent permit application permit conditions pollution control pollution discharge fees pollution levy fund problems profit provincial revenues ronmental SEPA Shunde six cities Smithfield Foods SOES state-owned enterprises survey Table tion treatment plant trial implementation TVEs United violating effluent standards waste wastewater discharge wastewater releases water pollution water quality World Bank Xiaoqing River yuan
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