Histocompatibility Antigens: Structure and FunctionPeter Parham, J. Strominger The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) was discovered as a con sequence of the chronic problem encountered by cancer biologists in the early years of this century: the failure to maintain tumor lines by serial passage in outbred mice. A number of observations pointed to genetic similarity being a prerequisite for successful transplantation and they were incorporated into a genetic theory of transplantation by C.C. Little. This prompted scientists like Little to initiate breeding experiments designed to test his hypothesis and produce genetically identical mice which would permit the growth of trans planted tumors. Most inbred strains of mice commonly used in immunology derive from those efforts. Transplantation of normal tissues obeyed the same rules found for malignant tissues and rejection was shown to be an immunological phenomenon. G.D. Snell showed that a single genetic locus determined rapid rejection of skin grafts. This was initially called the Major Histocompatibility Locus but was subsequently shown to include many functionally related genes and renamed the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC). In mouse this is the H-2 complex and man the HLA complex. During this same period P.A. |
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4 | 19 |
6 | 31 |
The Interaction of MHC Antigens with the Plasma Membrane | 53 |
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000 daltons Acad activity affinity alleles alloantigen allogeneic amino acid antibodies antisera associated Benacerraf binding Biochem Burakoff cell line cell receptor cell surface chromosome Class I antigens cocapping complement complex components cross-reactivity CTLs cytotoxic T cells detected determinants Doherty effector encoded expression functional genetic guinea pig H-2 and HLA H-2 antigens H-2 molecules H-2 restricted haplotype hapten helper cells Histocompatibility HLA-DR homology human hydrophobic Ia antigens Ia molecule immune response Immunogenetics immunoglobulin Immunol interactions Klein light chains linkage liposomes loci locus Lonai lymphocytes lyse lysis Major Histocompatibility Complex Mescher MHC antigens MHC restriction mice molecular molecules monoclonal mouse mRNA murine mutation Nathenson Natl nonresponder plasma membrane Ploegh polymorphism polypeptide Proc recognition recognize region residues restriction elements Schwartz sequence serological Shreffler specific ẞ₂m stimulation strains Strominger structural gene studies subunits suggested target cells variants virus Zinkernagel