No Choice But War: The United States Embargo Against Japan and the Eruption of War in the PacificIn July 1941 the United States, after a decade of worsening economic relations, announced a total embargo against Japan. The embargo had actually begun in 1940 with a so-called moral embargo under which U.S. exports of planes and war material to Japan were barred. In early 1941 Washington squeezed the Tokyo government further by unofficially tightening exports of petroleum. By December 1941, over 90 percent of Japan's oil supply was cut off, as was nearly 70 percent of its overall trade. From contemporary source documents, this is a detailed look at the U.S.-led embargo and how it contributed to Japan's decision to attack Pearl Harbor and declare war on the United States. |
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No Choice but War: The United States Embargo Against Japan and the Eruption ... Roland H. Worth, Jr. No preview available - 2014 |
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1941 morning edition 26 July action administration Advertiser aggression Ambassador announced Army asset freeze Associated Press August aviation boycott Britain British China Chinese civilian continue cotton countries cutoff danger decision defense diplomatic discussion Dutch East Indies economic pressure effect embargo Empire expansion exports to Japan force freezing order fuel gasoline Hence Ibid imports Indochina industry iron Japan Japanese assets Japanese government limited major measures ment military months moral embargo morning edition nation naval navy negotiations Netherlands East Indies Nichi Nippon noted November October official Oil to Japan Pacific Pacific war Panay Incident peace Pearl Harbor Attack percent petroleum Philippines potential President Roosevelt prohibition reprinted reserve restrictions result scrap Secretary September 1941 shipments silk situation sources steel step stressed supply tankers tion Tokyo trade freeze trade with Japan Tripartite Pact U.S. Government Printing United Press vessels Washington Post World York