An Effort Based Approach to Consonant LenitionThe first serious typological survey of the lenition process in modern phonological literature. |
Contents
Articulatory Effort | 29 |
Categorical Effects with Continuous Representations | 67 |
Summary | 74 |
Geminates | 97 |
65 | 112 |
EffortBased Contexts | 137 |
Tümpisa Shoshone | 175 |
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Common terms and phrases
affricate allophones analysis aperture approximants articulator articulatory Articulatory Phonology assibilation Autosegmental Autosegmental Phonology blocked in geminates Chapter closure coda consonant context-free contrastive debuccalization degemination devoicing displacement distinction Doctoral Dissertation effort cost effort minimization effort required effort thresholds effort-based approach faithfulness constraints feature flanking segments flapping Florentine Italian force fortition constraints fricatives geminate fricative geminate inalterability geminate obstruents geminate stops gesture Grammar half-spirantization homorganic homorganic nasal inalterability effects input intervocalic intervocalic position Iraqw Language LAZY series lenition lenition occurs lenition patterns lenition processes Linguistics markedness mass-spring model medial msec non-initially nonstrident obstruents oral constriction output partial geminates phonetic Phonology places of articulation PRES cont PRES(cont ranking reduction rule Shoshone singleton sonority speech rate spirantization spirantization-blocking constraint Steriade strident fricatives syllable target Tiberian Hebrew Tigrinya Tümpisa Shoshone underlying underlying representation variation velar voiced stops voiceless stops vowel height vowel reduction weak position word-finally word-initial