The Prediction of Ionospheric ConditionsThe ionosphere of the Earth has been actively studied since the 1920's, following the discovery of ground radio-sounding. By means of this method results were ohtained by an international network of ionospheric stations, in particular, by the successful implementation of a number of rigorously planned international scientific research programs,'" enabling the collection of extensive experimental material on some of the most important parameters of the ionosphere - the critical freLjuencies of E-, Fl and F2-layers. Comprehensive analyses of these observation data give a fairly complete picture of the various changes taking place in the principal ionospheric layers at different points on our globe. Another important aspect of the study of the ionosphere, which has been in progress for the past three decades, is an extensive program of in situ determinations of the various physical parameters - first using rockets, and subsequently artificial satellites. The data thus obtained on the principal ionizing agent - short-wave solar radiation - and on the physical conditions prevailing in the upper atmosphere and in the ionosphere at different altitudes, allow the proposal of a self-consistent mechanism of ionosphere formation. A general outline of the theory of ionosphere formation at different altitudes is now complete. Its application to specific cases, dependent on a more accurate determination of input parameters to give solutions valid for a definite set of conditions etc., is yet to be accomplished. The use of artificial satellites in cosmic research yielded abundant scientific data. |
Contents
Ionospheric Prediction Presentday Problems and Approaches | 1 |
The Theory of Ionosphere Formation | 15 |
Choosing Aeronomic Parameters | 53 |
Copyright | |
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The Prediction of Ionospheric Conditions G.S. Ivanov-Kholodny,A.V. Mikhailov No preview available - 2013 |
Common terms and phrases
accuracy aeronomic parameters aeronomiya altitude annual variations Atmos atmospheric components atmospheric models atomic oxygen average calculated computation concentration of atomic critical frequencies daytime decrease determined deterministic diffusion diffusion equation diurnal variations effect electric fields electron concentration equation equinox exospheric F2-region factor geographic coordinates Geophys helio-geophysical conditions higher incoherent scatter method increase ion-molecule reactions ionization ionosphere formation ionospheric parameters ionospheric prediction ionospheric sounding Ivanov-Kholodnyi latitudes layer maximum levels of solar m/sec median values mid-latitude Millstone Hill station molecular molecules MSIS model N₂ neutral atmosphere neutral composition observed Phys planetary distribution plasma problem processes protonosphere rate constants recombination rocket satellite scale height seasonal anomaly seasonal variations semiannual variations short-wave solar radiation solar activity level solar flux southern hemisphere Space Sci statistical summer sunspot T-values Teff Terr thermospheric winds Thomson scatter upper atmosphere upper boundary velocity vertical drift Watheroo winter