How to Know the LichensA guide for identifying lichens. |
Contents
How to Make Chemical Tests | 10 |
How to Collect and Study Lichens | 17 |
Pictured Key to the Foliose and Fruticose Lichens | 25 |
Copyright | |
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3-6 cm broad 8/ascus apothecia common apothecia lacking apothecia rare apothecia very rare branches brownish Bryoria Cetraria cilia Cladonia closely adnate cm long cm tall collected Collema conifers Cortex and medulla Cortex K+ yellow Culb dark brown deciduous deciduous trees fatty acids foliose fruticose greenish mineral gray Hale Figure hand lens Heterodermia humus Hypotrachyna isidia K+ yellow atranorin laminal Leptogium lichen light mineral gray lobe tips lobulate loosely adnate loosely attached lower surface black lower surface white medulla K medulla K+ yellow moderately rhizinate mosses North America open areas open woods P+ orange P+ red Parmelia Parmotrema Peltigera Phaeophyscia Physcia Podetia primary squamules Pseudoparmelia pycnidia Ramalina salazinic acid shiny soil soralia soredia sparsely rhizinate species spores spores colorless suberect Thallus dark Thallus whitish mineral thecia tomentose tomentum trees in open Tuck Umbilicaria Upper cortex upper surface Usnea usnic acid whitish mineral gray wide Widespread Xanthoparmelia yellowish green