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addition adjusted applied armature circuit armature current armature reaction assumed bars battery become braking brushes calculated carry cause cell cent characteristic charge circuit closed coil commutator compound conductor connected constant core curve decrease depend designed determined developed difference direction discharge driving drop effect efficiency electrical equal equipment excitation field flow flux given greater increase indicated inductors input interpole less light limited load losses lower machine magnetic material maximum means mechanical method necessary no-load normal obtained operation output parallel path period placed plate pole position produced range rated reduced reference regulation represented resistance result reversal rheostat rise rotation separately shifted shunt motor side slots speed standard starter starting supply switch temperature terminal voltage tion torque turns usually vary voltage volts winding