Flux Motion and Pinning in a Type II Superconductor |
Common terms and phrases
A/min amperes per minute ascending curve cooling the crystal corresponding Current amperes current pulses Current Recovery cycle down curve defect sources degradation diagram dipole effect energy field from zero field raised flux flow condition flux flow region flux line lattice fluxoid function Hc₂ high current hysteresis curves hysteresis loop hysteresis width increase Keithley Kramer lattice formed lattice was formed Lorentz force macroscopic magnetic field major down curve major up curve microseconds microvolts minor cycle move nanovoltmeter nanovolts niobium nucleation conditions observed obtained operational amplifier orientation parameters pinning force pinning planes pulse duration raised from zero raising the field ramped recovery curve recovery rate reference voltage resistor screw dislocation shear modulus shear stress speed surface pinning sweep unit switching temperature type II superconductor V-I characteristic V-I curve versus voltage change voltage recovery voltage-current vortex lattice vortex lines vortices wire zero unbent crystal μν