Advances in Fluid Mechanics MeasurementsMOHAMED GAD-EL-HAK One cannot overemphasize the importance of studying fluids in motion or at rest for a variety of scientific and engineering endeavors. Fluid mechanics as an art reaches back into antiquity, but its rational formulation is a relatively recent undertaking. Much of the physics of a particular flow situation can be understood by conducting appropriate experiments. Flow visualization techniques offer a useful tool to establish an overall picture of a flow field and to delineate broadly its salient features before embarking on more detailed quantitative measurements. Among the single-point measurements that are particularly difficult are those in separated flows, non-Newtonian fluids, rotating flows, and nuclear aerosols. Pressure, shear stress, vorticity, and heat transfer coefficient are also difficult quantities to measure, particularly for time-dependent flows. These and other special situations are among the topics covered in this volume. Each article emphasizes the development of a particular measuring technique. The topics covered were chosen because of their importance to the field, recent appeal, and potential for future development. The articles are comprehensive and coverage is pedagogical with a bias towards recent developments. |
Contents
3 | 38 |
Particle Image Velocimetry | 127 |
127 | 197 |
P Leehey | 225 |
323 | 263 |
Scanning Laser Anemometry and Other Measurement | 357 |
Measurement Techniques in Laboratory Rotating Flows | 401 |
Experiments in DragReducing Polymer Flows | 535 |
Nuclear Aerosol Measurement Techniques | 569 |
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acoustic aerosol airfoil anemometer angle annulus boundary layer bubble calibration channel flow concentration convection Couette flow cylinder density determined developed device diameter Doppler downstream equation experimental experiments film flow field flow visualization fluctuations Fluid Mech fluorescence frequency Freymuth fringes gage gradient heat flux heat transfer hot-film hot-wire instability instantaneous laminar laser beam light liquid mass transfer Maxworthy measurement techniques measurement volume Mechanics method motion obtained optical particle displacement particle image photographs plane polymer polymer solutions probe pulse Rayleigh scattering region Reynolds number rotating flows rotating fluid sampling scanning scattering sensor shear stress shown in Figure signal skin friction spatial speckle streamlines streamwise structure surface Taylor Taylor vortex temperature thermal thermistor three-dimensional transducer tube turbulent boundary layer turbulent flow two-dimensional unsteady Velocimetry velocity components velocity field velocity measurement velocity profiles viscosity voltage vortex flow vorticity wall pressure wall shear stress wavenumber wire