Reduced Emissions and Fuel Consumption in Automobile EnginesOver the last several years, there has been much discussion on the interrelation of CO2 emissions with the global warming phenomenon. This in turn has increased pressure to develop and produce more fuel efficient engines and vehicles. This is the central topic of this book. It covers the underlying processes which cause pollutant emissions and the possibilities of reducing them, as well as the fuel consumption of gasoline and diesel engines, including direct injection diesel engines. As well as the engine-related causes of pollution, which is found in the raw exhaust, there is also a description of systems and methods for exhaust post treatment. The significant influence of fuels and lubricants (both conventional and alternative fuels) on emission behavior is also covered. In addition to the conventional gasoline and diesel engines, lean-burn and direct injection gasoline engines and two-stroke gasoline and diesel engines are included. The potential for reducing fuel consumption and pollution is described as well as the related reduction of CO2 emissions. Finally, a detailed summary of the most important laws and regulations pertaining to pollutant emissions and consumption limits is presented. This book is intended for practising engineers involved in research and applied sciences as well as for interested engineering students. |
Contents
Introduction | 1 |
Causes of pollutants and their toxicity | 3 |
22 Toxicity and effects of pollutants on mankind | 6 |
23 Causes of pollutants in engines | 7 |
24 Causes and effects of pollutants in the atmosphere | 13 |
Design features which influence pollutant emissions and fuel consumption in fourstroke engines | 20 |
31 Gasoline engines | 21 |
32 Diesel engines | 47 |
52 Diesel engines | 102 |
The influence of fuel and lubricants on emissions and fuel consumption | 117 |
62 Alternative fuels | 122 |
63 Effects of fuel additives | 136 |
64 Effects of lubricants | 139 |
Problems with CO emissions | 142 |
73 CO2 emissions and fuels | 144 |
Laws regulating the emission of pollutants and maximum fuel consumption of combustion engines as of 1992 | 147 |
33 Characteristic engine emission maps | 71 |
34 Longterm emission stability | 72 |
Enginerelated measures which reduce pollutant emissions and fuel consumption in twostrokes | 77 |
41 Gasoline engines | 80 |
42 Diesel engines | 82 |
Exhaust aftertreatment methods | 86 |
82 Measurement methods and instruments | 150 |
83 Pollutant limits and maximum fuel consumption values | 156 |
84 Outlook on future developments in emissions and consumption laws | 164 |
References | 182 |
| 191 | |
Other editions - View all
Reduced Emissions and Fuel Consumption in Automobile Engines Fred Schafer,Richard van Basshuysen No preview available - 2014 |
Reduced Emissions and Fuel Consumption in Automobile Engines Fred Schäfer,Richard van Basshuysen No preview available - 2014 |
Common terms and phrases
achieved addition air/fuel ratio Aldehydes alternative fuels approx carbon catalytic converter ceramic CO₂ CO2 emissions combustion chamber combustion process compression ratio concentrations conversion efficiencies cylinder diesel engines diesel fuel direct-injection direct-injection diesel engines effect emission characteristics emission control emission limits emission standards emissions and fuel energy engine operation exhaust emissions exhaust gas recirculation exhaust recirculation exhaust temperature Figure filter fuel consumption fuel economy g/km g/kWh gasoline HC emissions heat higher hydrogen ignition increase inlet kJ/dm³ km/h lean lean-burn load Low-Emission Vehicle lower measures methanol mixture formation mixture preparation multi-valve nitrogen oxide oxidation catalyst oxygen ozone parameters particulate emissions particulate trap passenger cars passenger vehicles pollutant emissions pre-chamber pressure produced Rape seed reactions reduced regeneration regulations sensor shown in Fig shows smoke number soot spark-ignition engines specific swirl-chamber engine test cycle throttle TLEV turbocharger two-stroke ULEV unburned hydrocarbons valve variable valve