Gut Reactions: A Perceptual Theory of EmotionGut Reactions is an interdisciplinary defense of the claim that emotions are perceptions in a double sense. First of all, they are perceptions of changes in the body, but, through the body, they also allow us to literally perceive danger, loss, and other matters of concern. This proposal, which Prinz calls the embodied appraisal theory, reconciles the long standing debate between those who say emotions are cognitive and those who say they are noncognitive. The basic idea behind embodied appraisals is captured in the familiar notion of a "gut reaction," which has been overlooked by much emotion research. Prinz also addresses emotional valence, emotional consciousness, and the debate between evolutionary psychologists and social constructionists. |
Contents
Feeling Without Thinking | |
Embodied Appraisals | |
Basic Emotions and Natural Kinds | |
Emotions and Nature | |
Emotions and Nurture | |
Valence | |
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activity affect programs alexithymia amygdala anger anterior cingulate cortex argued that emotions argument associated attitudinal emotions basic emotions behavior beliefs biological blend bodily changes body brain calibration file chapter cingulate claim that emotions cognitive theories compatibilism components concepts constructionists core relational themes cortex culture Damasio defend depression Descartes detect disgust dispositions Ekman elicit elicitors embodied appraisals emotional response emotions represent evidence evolutionary psychologists example experience facial expressions fear feeling function guilt happiness higher cognitive emotions hypothesis identify innate intuitions involve jealousy judgments labeling theory Lazarus memory mental representations moods motivations natural kind negative emotions neural nominal contents nonbasic emotions nucleus accumbens occur one’s organismic control perception philosophers physiological positive emotions processing properties propositional attitudes psychology reductionism reliably caused romantic love sadness says that emotions Schadenfreude sense snake somatosensory system suggests surprise theories of emotion things thoughts triggered University Press valence markers visual Zajonc