The Principles of Cold Cracking Control in Welds |
Common terms and phrases
200 COOLING RATE assumed austenite austenite grain avoid cracking bead-on-plate butt weld C/sec carbon equivalent Chapter cold cracking composition continuous cooling transformation critical cooling rate deposited determined Dominion Bridge Company effect of preheat electrodes ENERGY INPUT KJ/in equation factors ferritic Figure Fillet Welds Flange fusion boundary GBOP test Graville hardening curve hardness criterion HAZ hardness heat affected zone heat flow heat input heat source hydrogen content hydrogen cracking hydrogen embrittlement hydrogen level increases initial plate temperature intensity of restraint joint simulation test long welds low temperatures lower critical stress martensite measured metal hydrogen microstructure multipass weld occur plotted preheat level reaction stress residual stress Satoh shown in Fig specimen submerged arc welding Suppl surface transfer Tekken thermal cycle thick plate total contraction transformation transverse ture Twin Fillet Welds Typical various web thicknesses weld metal cracking weld test Welding Journal welding procedure yield stress