Public Sector Entrepreneurship: U.S. Technology and Innovation PolicyPublic sector entrepreneurship refers to innovative public policy initiatives that generate greater economic prosperity. These initiatives can transform a status quo economic environment into one that is more conducive to economic units engaging in creative and innovative activities in the face of uncertainty. Public Sector Entrepreneurship traces the historical development of the concepts of private and public sector entrepreneurship and their connection to the separate notions of risk and uncertainty. Based on a formal conceptualization of these notions, the book illustrates throughout public sector entrepreneurship in practice using examples from U.S. technology and innovation policy. Technology policy-policy to enhance the application of new knowledge, learned through science, to some known problem-and innovation policy-policy to enhance the commercialization of a technology-are quintessential examples of the public sector recognizing and exploiting opportunities to bring about change and efficiency. Using this concept of public sector entrepreneurship as the lens to view the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980, the Stevenson-Wydler Act of 1980, the R&E Tax Credit of 1981, Small Business Innovation Development Act of 1982, the National Cooperative Research Act of 1984, and the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 affords us the ability to find elements of commonality among these policies and to discuss their impact on the U.S. economy from the perspective of entrepreneurial action. |
Contents
1 | |
Part I Defining Public Sector
Entrepreneurship | 25 |
Part II Policy Examples of Public
Sector Entrepreneurship | 73 |
Part III The Public Sector
Entrepreneurship Perspective | 191 |
Notes | 209 |
223 | |
235 | |
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Common terms and phrases
ability activity aggregate applied knowledge awards basic research Bayh-Dole Act benefits capital Center Chapter collaboration commercial creative economic environment effectiveness engage enhance entrepre entrepreneur’s social network example of public experiential exploitation federal laboratories Federal Technology Transfer Figure firm’s focused function impact increase industry initiatives innovation policy Institute invention licensing Link manufacturing marginal market failure ment NCRA nomic North Carolina Omnibus Trade open innovation opportunities percent PoCCs private sector Private sector firms production profit Proof of Concept Public Law public policies public sector entrepreneur public sector entrepreneurship R&D costs R&E tax credit rate of return research and development research partners Research Triangle Research Triangle Park result revenues Richard Cantillon risk RJVs role Sandia SBIR funding SBIR program Schumpeter semiconductor slowdown Small Business Innovation social networks startup Stevenson-Wydler Act technology and innovation technology transfer Technology Transfer Act theory of entrepreneurship tion uncertainty