The Albigensian CrusadesInterprets thirteenth-century crusades in terms of the development of Europe, especially France |
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accepted accused Albi Albigensian Crusades anticlericalism Aquitaine Aragon archbishop of Narbonne argued Arnaud Amaury attack authority Avignon barons became beliefs bishops Carcassonne castle Cathar Church Cathar leaders Catholic Christian clergy condemned conquest council count of Foix count of Toulouse crusading army death doctrine dualism enemies evil faith fiefs fighting forces French garrison held heresy heretics Holy Honorius Innocent Inquisition inquisitors king of France knights lands Languedoc legate lords Louis VIII Maurand medieval ment Middle Ages mond Mundy never nobles North northern Occi Occitania orthodox papacy papal Paris penance perfect persecution Peter Philip Augustus Pierre de Castelnau political pope prayer preached priests problem promised Provence Pyrenees Raymond of Toulouse Raymond Roger Raymond VII region religious Rhône Roman church royal sacrament siege Simon de Montfort soul South southern texts thirteenth century tion took town Trencavel twelfth century vassals victory viscount of Béziers Waldensians women