Carbureting and Combustion in Alcohol Engines |
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90 per cent adiabatic admission valve alcohol engines alcohol fuel aldehyde amount amyl alcohol benzene Blue flame bustion C₂H calories capillary tube carbon dioxide carbon monoxide Carbon monoxide Acetylene carburated alcohol Carburated No load carbureter cent alcohol cent ethyl alcohol cent of benzene cent of oxygen centimeters chamber combustible gases collected condensed liquid cooling cubic meters curve cylinder denatured alcohol distillation dry air equilibrium Ethylene hydrocarbons excess of air experiments explosive mixture formaldehyde gaseous mixture gasoline grams Half 66 Hence heptane hexane horsepower hydrogen ignition Incombustible increase kerosene kilogram required liquid was vaporized metal meters of air methane methyl alcohol millimeters necessary needle valve nitrogen Nonane obtained orifice Oxygen Carbon monoxide perature piston portion vaporized potash produced pure benzene quantity of air ratio reaction residual liquid selective vaporization specific gravity specific heat spray substance suction take place temperature theoretically tion vapor pressure volatile weight
Popular passages
Page 16 - Any gasoline engine of the ordinary types can be run on alcohol fuel without any material change in the construction of the engine. The only difficulties likely to be encountered are in starting and in supplying a sufficient quantity of the fuel — a quantity which must be considerably greater than the quantity of gasoline required.
Page 16 - ... (1) Any gasoline engine of the ordinary types can be run on alcohol fuel without any material change in the construction of the engine. The only difficulties likely to be encountered are in starting and in supplying a sufficient quantity of fuel, a quantity which must be considerably greater than the quantity of gasoline required. (2) When an engine is run on alcohol its operation is more noiseless than when...
Page 56 - We have assumed the point, o1, to be the position the centre of the eccentric should have at the moment when the piston is at the end of its stroke — that is to say, at o ; the distance of this point...
Page 19 - British thermal units per pound of gasoline and 11,880 per pound of alcohol, these consumptions represent thermal efficiencies of 17.2 per cent. for gasoline and 18.5 per cent. for alcohol. But calculated on the basis of the low calorific values of...
Page 18 - These investigations also showed that the fuel consumption was affected by the time of ignition, by the speed, and by the initial compression of the fuel charge. No tests were made to determine the maximum possible change in fuel consumption that could be produced by changing the time of ignition, but when near the best fuel consumption it was shown to be important to have an early ignition. So far as tested the alcohol fuel consumption was better at low than at high speeds. So far as investigated,...
Page 18 - ... (4) The consumption of fuel in pounds per brake horsepower, whether the fuel is gasoline or alcohol, depends chiefly upon the horsepower at which the engine is being run and upon the setting of the fuel supply valve. It is easily possible for the fuel consumption per horsepower hour to be increased to double the best value, either by running the engine on a load below its full power or by a poor setting of the fuel supply valve. (5) These investigations also showed that the fuel consumption was...
Page 19 - British thermal units per pound for gasoline and 10,620 for alcohol, the thermal efficiencies become 18.5 for the former fuel and 20.7 for alcohol. The ratio of the high calorific values used above is, gasoline to alcohol, 1.78. The corresponding ratio of the low calorific values is 1.85. The ratio of the consumptions mentioned above is, alcohol to gasoline, 1.66 by weight, or 1.44 by volume.
Page 19 - It seems probable that all well-constructed engines of the same size will have approximately the same fuel consumption when working under the most advantageous conditions. (8) With any good small stationary engine as small a fuel consumption as 0.70 pound of gasoline, or 1.16 pounds of alcohol per brake horsepower hour may reasonably be expected under favorable conditions.
Page 171 - This inconvenience may be avoided by substituting for the pure benzene the commercial mixture known as 90 per cent benzol, practically constituted of 84 per cent benzene, 15 per cent toluene and 1 per cent xylene. This mixture is almost as easily vaporized with denatured alcohol as pure benzene, but it has the property, due to the presence of toluene, of not solidifying until a much lower temperature.* Thus, using denatured alcohol in a 50 per cent mixture with 90 per cent benzol the author found...
Page 5 - Columbia University with alcohol as a fuel in various types of internal combustion engines in extensive use throughout the United States. The object of these experiments was: to determine what difficulties would be encountered in using alcohol as a fuel for the types of engines already in general use; to ascertain whether the engines could be made to operate satisfactorily on alcohol fuel, and what the consumption of alcohol would be as compared with the fuels for which the engines were originally...