Euripides and the Gods

Mary Lefkowitz

Oxford University Press, Nov 27, 2015 - Literary Criticism - 280 pages

Modern readers find it hard to come to terms with the gods in Euripides' dramas. Readers try to dismiss them as a literary convention. Stage productions leave them out, especially in the cases when they appear ex machina. Instead, they place disproportionate emphasis on the harsh criticisms of the gods uttered by some of the characters in the dramas, and have sought to interpret Euripides ironically, viewing his portrayal of the cruel and capricious gods as a means of drawing attention to the deficiencies of ancient Greek religion. In their view Euripides' dramas seek to question the nature and sometimes even the very existence of traditional Greek gods. In Euripides and the Gods, classicist Mary Lefkowitz sets out to show that the tragedian is not undermining ancient religion, but rather describing with a brutal realism what the gods are like, impressing upon his mortal audience the limitations of human understanding. Writing the first extended treatment of these issues for a general audience, Lefkowitz provides a book that deals with all of Euripides' dramas, and argues for a more tolerant and nuanced understanding of ancient Greek religion. Euripides, like Homer, is making a statement about the nature of the world and human life, terrifying but accurate. She explains how the idea that Euripides was an atheist derives from ancient biographies that drew their evidence from comic poets, and shows why the doubts about the gods expressed by his characters must be understood in their dramatic context. Euripides and the Gods offers a compelling invitation to return to the dramatic masterpieces of Euripides with fresh eyes.

Contents

• Greek Drama without the Gods?: 1
• 1 Euripides Socrates and Other Sophists: 24
• 2 Piety and Impiety in Euripides Heracles: 49
• 3 Athena: 77
• 4 Apollo: 99
• 5 Other Gods: 128
• 6 Gods behind the Scenes: 160
• Conclusion: 193
• Notes: 205
• Bibliography: 253
• Subject Index: 269
• Index Locorum: 281

About the author

Mary Lefkowitz is Andrew W. Mellon Professor in the Humanities, emerita, at Wellesley College. Her many books on classical culture include Women in Greek Myth, Greek Gods, Human Lives, The Lives of the Greek Poets, and Not Out of Africa.

Bibliographic information

• Title: Euripides and the Gods; Onassis Series in Hellenic Culture
• Author: Mary Lefkowitz
• Publisher: Oxford University Press, 2015
• ISBN: 0190463104, 9780190463106
• Length: 280 pages
• Subjects: History / Ancient / General; Literary Criticism / Ancient & Classical