Immigrant Languages in EuropeGuus Extra, Ludo Th Verhoeven It is a common pattern across the world that immigrant groups are confronted with a mismatch between the language varieties of their source and target countries. During the twentieth century, the USA has been a target country for many European immigrants, whereas industrialised European countries have been the target area for many Third World immigrants during the past decades. As a consequence of socio-economically or politically determined processes of immigration, the traditional patterns of language variation across Europe have been considerably extended over these decades. Many industrialised European countries show evidence of a growing number of immigrant populations which differ widely, both from a cultural and a linguistic point of view, from the mainstream indigenous population. It has been estimated that in the year 2000, one third of the population under the age of 35 in urban Europe will have an immigrant background. The focus of this volume is on immigrant groups and immigrant languages with a recent or earlier background of migration to industrialised countries in Western and Northern Europe. The book is divided into four parts. Part 1 gives a general overview of immigrant language varieties in Europe. The focus of Part 2 is on processes of first language acquisition in a second language environment. Part 3 deals with the study of codeswitching, and Part 4 with the study of language maintenance and language loss. In order to allow for crosslinguistic comparisons, different immigrant language varieties in various European countries are taken into account in all four Parts. |
Contents
Immigrant Groups and Immigrant Languages in Europe | 3 |
Sweden Finnish | 21 |
South Asian Languages in Britain | 55 |
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Americans Arabic aspects attrition background bilingual borrowing clause code-switching concept considered constraints context copying countries cultural dialects discourse discussed dominant Dutch elements English ethnic ethnic minority Europe example fact factors families Finland Finnish four function German given groups guage immigrant important incorporations individual influence instances instruction integration Italy language acquisition language shift lexical linguistic majority marked means measures migration minority minority language Moroccan morpheme mother tongue Netherlands neutrality nouns occur oral origin parents patterns possible present processes proficiency question reasons reference relatively respect Romani scores second language seems sentences similar situation social speakers speaking speech standard structure Sweden Swedish switching syntactic Table task tion Turkish types University variables variants varieties verb Verhoeven vocabulary written