Genetics and SportsMalcolm Collins This publication reviews past, current and future applications of genetic research in the fields of exercise science and sports medicine. It highlights ethical concerns, potential clinical applications and exploitation of genetic information. The authors, an interdisciplinary group of experts comprising clinicians, exercise scientists, human geneticists and other biological scientists, present an integrated and holistic understanding of the field to the reader. Several chapters of the book address the issue of nature and nurture in determining athletic ability and etiology of sports injuries. Other chapters are dealing with genetics and performance research during premolecular and molecular biology eras, gene-lifestyle interactions and their consequences on health, as well as genetic risk factors in musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries. Finally, the possible application of gene therapy in athletes, gene doping and genetic testing of athletes are discussed. The book is highly recommended to exercise scientists, sports clinicians, human geneticists, athletes, coaches and to all those interested in the relatively new area of genetic research within the fields of exercise science and sports medicine. |
Contents
Understanding the Complex Phenotype | 1 |
Nature versus Nurture in Determining Athletic Ability | 11 |
An Overview of the PreMolecular Biology Era | 28 |
Genes Athlete Status and Training An Overview | 43 |
AngiotensinConverting Enzyme ReninAngiotensin System and Human Performance | 72 |
αActinin3 and Performance | 88 |
Their Genetics Lifestyle and Athletic Prowess | 102 |
GeneLifestyle Interactions and Their Consequences on Human Health | 110 |
Genetic Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Soft Tissue Injuries | 136 |
Innovative Strategies for Treatment of Soft Tissue Injuries in Human and Animal Athletes | 150 |
Possibilities and Practicalities | 166 |
Genetic Testing of Athletes | 176 |
The Future of Genetic Research in Exercise Science and Sports Medicine | 187 |
Author Index | 196 |
| 197 | |
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Common terms and phrases
a-actinin-3 ACE gene ACE I/D polymorphism Achilles tendon Achilles tendon rupture ACTN3 genotype adult aerobic African allele angiotensin angiotensin-converting enzyme Appl Physiol association studies athlete status athletic performance Biol body composition body mass body mass index Bouchard bradykinin candidate gene cartilage Caucasian cohort collagen controls copy number diabetes differences disease effects elite athletes elite endurance athletes encoded environmental exercise training frequency function gene doping gene polymorphism gene transfer gene variant gene-lifestyle interactions genetic tests growth factor haplogroups heritability HERITAGE Family Study homozygotes Hum Genet human genome I-allele increased individuals Ironman Triathlons Kenyan levels male markers metabolism muscle fibers muscle strength mutation myostatin Nat Genet obesity performance phenotypes Perusse phenotypes physical activity physical performance population potential protein Rankinen receptor response to training risk runners sarcomeric Sci Sports Exerc sequence skeletal muscle SNPs soft tissue injuries somatotype tion twin studies twins VO2max XX genotype