Defects in SolidsN. Hannay The last quarter-century has been marked by the extremely rapid growth of the solid-state sciences. They include what is now the largest subfield of physics, and the materials engineering sciences have likewise flourished. And, playing an active role throughout this vast area of science and engineer ing have been very large numbers of chemists. Yet, even though the role of chemistry in the solid-state sciences has been a vital one and the solid-state sciences have, in turn, made enormous contributions to chemical thought, solid-state chemistry has not been recognized by the general body of chemists as a major subfield of chemistry. Solid-state chemistry is not even well defined as to content. Some, for example, would have it include only the quantum chemistry of solids and would reject thermodynamics and phase equilibria; this is nonsense. Solid-state chemistry has many facets, and one of the purposes of this Treatise is to help define the field. Perhaps the most general characteristic of solid-state chemistry, and one which helps differentiate it from solid-state physics, is its focus on the chemical composition and atomic configuration of real solids and on the relationship of composition and structure to the chemical and physical properties of the solid. Real solids are usually extremely complex and exhibit almost infinite variety in their compositional and structural features. |
Contents
ElectronHole Equilibria | 348 |
Electrical Properties | 357 |
The Chemical Potentials in Elemental Semiconductors | 369 |
The Chemical Potentials for Binary Semiconductor Compounds | 376 |
Chapter 6 | 395 |
Effect of Impurities | 405 |
StructureSensitive Properties | 427 |
Lowered Symmetry | 450 |
The Imperfect SolidDielectric Properties | 183 |
Pyroelectricity | 197 |
Chapter 4 | 237 |
Transport Properties of Solids | 249 |
InsulatorMetal Transitions | 273 |
Experimental Results | 282 |
Chapter 5 | 330 |
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Common terms and phrases
absorption alkali halides amorphous anisotropy band structure behavior CaF2 calculations carrier charge Chem chemical potential coefficient color centers compounds concentration conduction band configuration constant crystal field crystal field theory cubic decrease density dependence diagram discussed dislocations domain wall donors and acceptors effects electrical electronic structure electrons and holes energy gap energy levels equation example excited exciton experimental F center Fermi Fermi energy ferrite frequency given heat of solution impurity increases interaction interstitial ionic crystals K₁ lattice energy ligand lithium niobate low temperatures luminescence magnetic material matrix elements metal ions mobility Mott Mott insulator observed octahedral optical oxides pair parameters phase phonon Phys polarization polaron properties pyroelectric rare earth resonance Section semiconductor shell shown in Figure single crystals solid spectra spectrum spin spin-orbit splitting symmetry theory tion transition metal vacancy valence band values wave functions zero