Integrated Pest Management, Pages 43-979Integrated pest management (IPM) is the selection, integration, and implementation of pest control based on predicted economic, ecological, and sociological consequences. IPM seeks maximum use of naturally occurring pest controls, including weather, disease agents, predators, and parasites. In addition, IPM utilizes various biological, physical, and chemical control and habitat modification techniques. Artificial controls are imposed only as required to keep a pest from surpassing intolerable population levels predetermined from accurate assessments of the pest damage potential and the ecological, sociological, and economic costs of the control measures. The presence of a pest species does not necessarily justify action for its control, and in fact tolerable infestations may be desirable, providing food for important beneficial insects, for example. |
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Academic acre agencies alternative animals application areas arthropod beetle biological control boll weevil Bosch breeding budworm California Chapter chemical control chemical pesticides cides control programs Cooperative corn costs cotton crop rotation crop varieties damage Department of Agriculture Douglas-fir ecological economic thresholds ecosystem effective Entomol environment Environmental eradication estimated example Extension farmers federal fish flies fungi fungicides genetic habitat herbicides house fly Huffaker human increased infested insect pests insecticides insects and mites integrated pest management IPM programs livestock losses major ment million mosquito control moth natural enemies nematodes parasites pathogens percent pest control pest organisms pest population pest problems pest species pests affecting pheromone Pimentel plant disease potential predators protection public health rangeland rats reduce regulations repellents resistance screwworm Service Smith soil techniques ticks tion Toxicants traps trees U.S. Department United Univ unpubl urban USDA weed wildlife York